40 THE ENTOMOLOGIST, 



The next point to attract attention is the projection beyond 

 the wing-cases as a free spine of the cases of the third pair of 

 legs, supported basally by the wing apices and the ends of the 

 second legs and antennae. 



The colour is a pale brownish, decidedly darker than straw- 

 colour, but still nearer straw-colour than to the ordinary pupal 

 brown. 



The wings and appendages are fixed to the end of the fourth 

 abdominal segment. The hind wing is visible between the fore 

 wing and the abdominal dorsum as a narrow strip, made some- 

 what waved and irregular by having to accommodate the spiracles 

 on second and third abdominal ; it ends at the end of third 

 abdominal segment, at the anal angle of fore wing, it being the 

 hind margin of fore wing that crosses the fourth abdominal 

 segment. The inner margins of both wings, and especially of 

 the under one, have many fine wrinkles or creases, probably due 

 to resistance to the backward movement of the wings that takes 

 place when they expand immediately after pupation. 



The spiracles are interesting ; on second, third, and fourth 

 abdominal segments they have a very elaborate circumvallate 

 fortification and are very conspicuous ; on the other segments 

 (fifth, sixth, seventh abdominal) they are quite simple and 

 not very easily seen. In these special spiracles is first and 

 centrally the spiracle proper, consisting of a central opening 

 (transverse to length of pupa), with a fibrillate margin, and 

 round this a set of fine circular lines, making the oval spiracle 

 into a circular (or nearly so) area. Next round this is a smooth 

 dome-like area, by which the spiracle is raised on to a promi- 

 nence, and next a series of raised ridges varying in number 

 and form, but apparently trying to be circular, but forced by 

 the wings to extend themselves as trenches along the wing 

 border. 



The effect of these spiracles on the associated tubercles 

 suggest strongly that the spiracles have been forced dorsally 

 by the wings — a circumstance not distinctly suggested, as in 

 many similar pupae, by the form of the circumvallate ridges. 



The dorsal tubercle I is generally easily seen, but II cannot 

 be found ; III is situated fairly normally, as in the larva on 

 fifth, sixth, and seventh abdominal, and Ilia, is in front and 

 above the spiracle. On fourth abdominal, III and Ilia, are 

 fairly normal in direction from the spiracle, but are close to the 

 cireumvallatory ridges. On third, however, III is quite as much 

 in front as above spiracle, and on second abdominal segment it 

 is quite in front of spiracle ; Ilia, though in front in both 

 cases, is rather below spiracle in third, and quite so on second 

 segment. 



At first view, one demands, is this not V, in a situation very 

 usual for it in some families, but, by tracing its migration 



