MACRO-LEPIDOPTERA OF LANCASTER AND DISTRICT. 87 



Gonepteryx rhamni. — Rare about Lancaster, fairly common at Arn- 

 side, and abundant at Witberslack in late July, August, and September. 



Nymphalid^e. 



Argynnis selene. — Formerly common near Clougha Pike ; now ex- 

 tinct there. " Up to a few years ago it occurred commonly in a rough 

 field near Witherslack, but cultivation has stamped it out in that 

 locality" \G. Loxham). The imago appears in June. 



A. euphrosyne. — Common near Warton, Carnforth, on Arnside 

 Knott, and near Grange-in-Cartmel, in early June. 



A. aylaia. — I took a specimen in July, 1901, near Hest bank. 

 Common at Warton, Arnside, and Witberslack. 



A. adippe, — Fairly plentiful at Warton ; common at Arnside and 

 Witherslack in July and August. " I took a fine aberration of this 

 species some years ago on Arnside Knott " (G. Loxham). 



A. paphia. — I took a specimen at Witherslack on August 3rd, 1901 

 — a record (vide ' Entomologist,' vol. xxxiv. p. 253). 



Vanessa poh/chloros. — One specimen taken by me at Witherslack, 

 July 24th, 1901 (vide 'Entomologist,' vol. xxxiv. p. 245— " The 

 Butterflies of the Witherslack District," contributed by me in Sep- 

 tember, 1902). 



V. urticce. — Abundant everywhere in early May and in September. 

 Although we rarely get aberrations of this species, I took one at Arn- 

 side in August, 1903, and another in Grimsbaw Lane three days later. 



V. io. — Uncommon about Lancaster. Odd examples near Clougha 

 Pike, Quernmore, Grimshaw Lane, &c, in August. Abundant about 

 Witherslack and Arnside. This species is apt to vary ; though such 

 aberrations are rare, I have a Witherslack example, taken in 1901, 

 without the " eye" markings on the hind wings. 



Pyrameis atalanta. — Fairly common in some seasons, scarce in 

 others. Lancaster, Methop, Witherslack, Arnside, Halton, &c, in 

 July, August, and September. 



P. canlui. — Uncommon generally ; in some years (as in 1903) 

 fairly plentiful. Lancaster, Arnside, Silverdale, Witherslack, &c, in 

 August and September. " I used to take the larva feeding upon 

 Cnicus, annually, at Heysham some years ago" (G. Loxham). 



Erebia cethiops. — Plentiful at Arnside and Witherslack in August. 



Paranje egeria. — " Fairly common near Witherslack some years 

 ago " (G. Loxham). This species is now extinct in this district. 



P. megara. — Common near Sline, Heysham, Warton, Methop, and 

 Witherslack in late May and June, and the second brood in August. 



Satyrus semele. — Common at Arnside and Witherslack in July and 

 August. 



Epinephele ianira. — Abundant everywhere in June and July. 



E. tithonus. — Very local, near Overton. " Formerly common about 

 Heysham Moss in July " (G. Loxbam). 



Aphantopus (E.) hyper anihvs. — " Formerly common in Maud's Wood, 

 near Grange-in-Cartmel, in July and August" (G. Loxham). This 

 species has not been taken in this district for the last few years, and is 

 probably extinct. 



Camonympha typhon. — The type does not occur here. On the 



