ENTOMOLOGY AT BARMOUTH. 298 



landica, Cnephasia osseana, Cacoecia rosana, and Salebria betulce 

 in 1905. 



Sugaring became unprofitable with the middle of July, and 

 more so in 1904 than in 1905. The following is the list for 1901 : 

 Acronycta rumicis (common), Cerigo cytherea, Hadena contigua 

 (one), TriphiEiia ianthina, and Leiicania conigera (common). In 

 1905 this list was increased by T. fimbria, T. orbona, M. persi- 

 carice, (abundant), A. rumicis, Axylia putris, Xylophasia polyodon 

 (finely marked forms on a pale ground), H. derivalis, Hydroecia 

 nictitans, H. oleracea, Phlogophora meticulosa, several H. contigua 

 (mostly worn), Apamea oculea (fine mahogany-coloured forms), 

 Caradrina cubicidaris, Noctaa plecta, Amphipyra tragopogonis, pale 

 X. lithoxylea, M. maura, and very many L. conigera. Towards 

 the end of August sugar again became productive, and among 

 the autumn moths Asphalia diluta and almost black N. xantho- 

 grapha should be noted. In the charming grounds of Mr. Davis 

 (Plas Mawddach) — remembered for more than one enjoyable 

 evening with the net in July — several Sphinx convolvidi were 

 taken at flowers of Nicotiana affinis in September. 



In our dusking and sugaring operations we were aided by a 

 powerful lamp, which was carried, even well up the hillsides. 

 Fears were entertained lest it might be mistaken for the religious 

 lights reported in the neighbourhood, but which, not being 

 among the faithful, we had failed to see. However, our brilliant 

 lamp excited, apparently, neither enthusiasm nor comment. 



No one who has climbed the Panorama Walk from Barmouth 

 and up to Panorama View can forget the splendid mountain 

 scenery. On the lower slopes Zygcena filipendulce swarmed, and 

 resting on the rocks higher up A. promutata could be had. The 

 ground marked No. 1 (sand-hills or shingle) was so barren and 

 unproductive that it received only a single visit. Nothing animate 

 appeared to exist save the restless surf, with its everlasting groan 

 and roar. The ground marked No. 2, however, was alive with 

 insect life. On two spots (one about two miles north of Bar- 

 mouth, and close to the railway ; the other, Arthog Marsh, on 

 the other side of the estuary and opposite the town) are colonies 

 of Z. trifolii. This is an interesting insect, because it has been 

 declared, with hardly any reservation, to be the Authrocera 

 palustris of Mr. Tutt (see ' Practical Hints for the Field Lepido- 

 pterist,' pp. 68 and 90). Bemembering the situations affected 

 by Z. trifolii, and the dates quoted, say, by Wilson, for its 

 occurrence I second week in May to second week in June), it 

 certainly seems more than curious if this marsh insect, mostly 

 fresh in the middle of July, should be the same species. Cer- 

 tainly there is nothing in the climate of Barmouth to retard the 

 appearance of trifolii. My specimens of this marsh insect are, 

 on the whole, larger than in my series of trifolii (Yorks), and the 

 spots, on the whole, are larger. Sometimes the second pairs of 



