294 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



spots are confluent. In 1904 a few filipendulce (there were 

 numbers two or three hundred yards off) were found flying with 

 them, but not in 1905 ; and the moths were fresher in 1905 than 

 in the more forward July of 1904. The second week in July, 

 however, in any season would, I believe, see the moths at their 

 best. I brought a few live females home with me. They seemed 

 very happy on thistle-flowers in a glass-jar with net over the 

 top, and they laid numbers of yellow eggs underneath the flower- 

 heads, from which I have now hybernating larvae. Other insects 

 on this Arthog Marsh were Epinephele hyperanthus (plentiful), 

 Argynnis aglaia, C. perlellus (abundant in 1904, none seen in 

 1905), with its melanic form wdrringtonellus and intermediates, 

 C. paseuellus (most plentiful in 1905), Perinephele lancealis (one 

 only in 1904), Endotricha fiamtnealis, Stenopteryx Jtybj'idalis, 

 P. pruniata = cytisaria (worn), E. plumbaria = palumbaria, A. 

 immutata (common), II. sericealis, C. culmellus, &c. In the 

 reed-beds were larvae and pupae of Nonagria arundinis = typhce, 

 and earlier in the month X. scolopacina had been, in 1904, 

 common at sugar. Typical specimens of Bryophila perla were 

 found resting on the walls in the neighbourhood, particularly on 

 the Barmouth side. A nice local strain of this species was 

 discovered away to the north, near Minfford, varying from very 

 pale to darkly-marked forms. 



It is a butterfly country. Near the village of Arthog, among 

 the wooded slopes (ground No. 3), Thecla iv-album was a plentiful 

 insect, but very local, and more abundant and in better condition 

 in 1905 than in 1904. In a favoured open spot, not a dozen 

 yards across — a regular butterfly corner, and full of flowering 

 bramble, scabious, meadow-sweet, knapweed, and St. John's 

 wort — we stood, in the full blaze of a hot sun, and netted the 

 little Theclas at our leisure. It was impossible to take too 

 many of them, for they have a wonderful way of dodging the 

 net, particularly on bramble. In 1904 Mr. Kerr headed the 

 score, Mr. T. White (also of Cromer) came second, and I made a 

 bad third. In 1905, however, I did much better ; but, as is too 

 often the case with the Theclas when netted, most of our captures 

 were either chipped or rubbed. Here, in this butterfly corner, 

 were also A. paphia and A. aglaia, Pararge egeria, T. quercus, 

 Lycceua icarus = alexis (worn), E. hyperanthus (abundant), and, 

 not far from it, E. ianira, E. tithonus, with an occasional Piens 

 brassiae and P. napi ; the last-mentioned paler than Chester 

 specimens, but often with very primrose-yellow under sides. On 

 the lower grounds throughout the district P. rapce and Vanessa 

 urticce were common enough, two or three V. atalanta (probably 

 hybernated specimens) were seen, and Satyrus semele was plentiful 

 on the sunny embankments of the Cambrian Eailway. Thecla 

 quercus occurs freely in, apparently, ail the oak woods, especially 

 on ground No. 3. In one locality on the Barmouth side of the 



