TRIFID&. i 5 



the day, when upon low plants underneath their leaves, 

 feeding always at night. 



Pupa elongate, shining ; wing and antenna-cases projecting 

 very slightly over the abdomen ; anal extremity blunt, with a 

 minute bristle ; colour bright mahogany or orange, the inci- 

 sions, dorsal shade, and anal segment darker brown ; spiracles 

 small, black. In a thick silken cocoon on or immediately 

 under the surface of the ground. (C. Fenn.) 



The moth hides in the daytime among dead leaves and 

 herbage upon the ground. At dusk it comes most eagerly to 

 sugar and remains upon it, indifferent to the light of a lantern, 

 until satiated, when it crawls lazily away and may be seen 

 hanging to a twig anywhere about the trunk and main 

 branches of the tree. It comes with equal zeal and deter- 

 mination to ivy-bloom, over-ripe blackberries, rotten apples, 

 and almost any sweet substance, in the autumn ; and during 

 the winter will crawl out of its hiding-place on any warm 

 evening to look for food, becoming exceedingly worn in this 

 process. An entomologist who has sugared for experiment 

 through the winter has found this species feeding on every 

 mild night, and has even seen the same marked individuals 

 night after night. In the spring it resorts to sallow-bloom and 

 the blossoms of blackthorn and plum, and it is at this season 

 that pairing takes place and eggs are deposited. 



Everywhere abundant in woods and well-timbered districts, 

 and to be found almost all over England, Wales, and Ireland, 

 and almost all Scotland, with the exception of the Isles, and 

 apparently of the more western districts north of the Clyde 

 Valley. Abroad its range extends throughout Central Europe 

 and the temperate portions of Northern Europe, Northern 

 Italy, Southern Russia, Armenia, and the mountainous 

 regions of Central Asia. 



3. C. ligula, Esp. ; spadicea, Stainton, Newman ; sub- 

 nigra, Haw. — Expanse 1 J to 1] inch. Fore wings short 

 but not very broad, retuse behind, with the apex decidedly 



