8 LEPIDOPTERA. 



those which were fed up to half-growth upon apple leaves, 

 and from that to full growth upon dandelion, became full 

 grown a month earlier than those fed wholly upon apple. 



Pupa moderately stout, cylindrical, but a little depressed 

 at the junction of the back of the thorax with the abdomen ; 

 thence rather swollen for two-thirds of the length of the 

 abdomen, which tapers to a somewhat obtuse point, where 

 are two hooked spines arising from a rather thickened base, 

 and surrounded by a few short bristles ; surface shining, 

 dark purplish-brown. In a thin cocoon composed of 

 particles of earth, lined very smoothly with silk, and 

 having two or three threads of silk in which the anal hooks 

 are inserted. 



The moth has been found, though very rarely, sitting upon 

 the trunks of trees in the daytime ; doubtless it usually hides 

 among the leaves. At dusk it will visit sugar, ivy-bloom in 

 the autumn, sallow-bloom and the blossoms of plum or black- 

 thorn in the spring, and has been known to come to light. 

 Always a very scarce species in these Islands, and found more 

 frequently in Devon and Somerset than elsewhere ; but also 

 taken occasionally in various localities in Surrey and Sussex ; 

 at Christchurch, the New Forest, and the Isle of Wight, 

 Hants ; the Isle of Purbeck and elsewhere in Dorset ; not 

 very rarely near Reading and elsewhere in Berks ; and in 

 Wilts, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Buckinghamshire, and 

 even at Cambridge, where two were taken in the year 1873 

 by Dr. F. D. Wheeler. This appears to be its northern limit 

 here. In Wales it has been found in Monmouthshire. In 

 Ireland the late Mr. E. Birchall took it near Dublin, at Tul- 

 lamore, and at Killarney ; it is also recorded from Wicklow 

 and Galway. Abroad its distribution seems to be through 

 Central Europe and the temperate portions of Northern 

 Europe, Northern Italy, and Corsica. 



