60 LEPIDOPTERA. 



they were anything alive. It comes at dusk to sugar or 

 ivy -bloom very readily, and even to ripe blackberries when 

 these are available ; but in the spring is seldom observed, 

 although this is the season in which it pairs and deposits 

 its eggs. It only lwbernates in severe weather, and will 

 move about in winter whenever the weather is mild. Very 

 scarce in the South and East of England, though it appears 

 to have been found in almost every county, and seems to find 

 a congenial locality on Dartmoor, Devon. Either scarce or 

 local thoughout the Midlands, and not very common in the 

 West and North of England. Also scarce in North and 

 South Wales. Far more frequent in Scotland, occurring 

 throughout that country to the Orkneys and Shetlands, and 

 in many localities in abundance ; also common all over 

 Ireland, even to the tops of the mountains, and sometimes 

 abundant. Abroad it has a very wide range — Central 

 Europe, all the temperate portions of Northern Europe, also 

 Spain to Gibraltar, where, however, it is rare ; Northern 

 Italy, Southern Russia, and Siberia. Also apparently in 

 North America, where a form known as nupcra, but evidently 

 only a richly tinted variety of the present, is found from the 

 Hudson's Bay territory southward to Columbia, and westward 

 to Alaska. 



Genus 85. CTJCULLIA. 



Antennas cylindrical, rather long, naked ; eyes naked, 

 having lashes at front and back ; head furnished with 

 prominent separate tufts ; collar extremely large, forming 

 a sort of hood to the thorax, which consequently is peaked 

 at the top, also crested behind ; abdomen elongated, 

 furnished with four or five dorsal crests which sometimes 

 are partially concealed. Fore wings long, narrow, pointed, 

 the anal angle more than usually rounded off; hind wings 

 short, the cross-bar angulated but weak and hardly closing 

 the cell ; vein 5 faint. 



