66 LEPIDOPTERA. 



and the points of the hoodlike front of the thorax, the thoracic 

 and abdominal crests, and the anal tuft, formed altogether a 

 similitude to the excrescences and thorns of the stick which 

 appeared almost miraculous. Since its tongue is so fully 

 developed, it must surely frequent some description of flowers 

 at night, but no such habit seems to be recorded of it, and 

 certainly sugar forms for it no attraction. The only speci- 

 mens which have come under my own notice at night have 

 been seen sitting upon gas-lamps. Thus its distribution is 

 only known by observation of its very conspicuous larva. 

 Formerly it was frequent in the London district, but has now 

 quite disappeared thence. Still common in all parts of the 

 South and East of England in which mullein is plentiful, 

 but more abundant in the West and in South Wales, where 

 it is found upon Scrophularia nodosa quite as often as on 

 mullein ; perhaps most plentiful in Devon and Cornwall, and 

 found in the Scilly Isles. Northward it reaches Worcester- 

 shire, Derbyshire, and some parts of Yorkshire, but I have 

 no record from farther north, nor from North Wales. In 

 Ireland it seems to be rare, and is only recorded from near 

 Dublin and Wicklow. Abroad its range extends over Central 

 and Southern Europe, including Turkey, where it is abun- 

 dant ; also the South of Sweden, Livonia, Asia Minor, and 

 Armenia. 



2. C. scrophulariee, Schiff. — Expanse lh to If inch. 

 Costa of fore wings very flatly arched beyond the middle ; 

 hind margin much contracted, closely crenulated ; pale drab 

 faintly shaded with red-brown, a dark umbreous stripe along 

 the costa, and a red-brown stripe along the dorsal margin, 

 the intermediate space extremely even in width. Hind wings 

 white shaded with smoky-brown. 



Antennae of the male simple, naked, red-brown ; palpi 

 short, moderately tufted, purple-brown, paler inside ; head 

 very curiously tufted in front, a broad lip-like pair of tufts 

 placed just above the palpi, and a large cup-shaped pair quite 



