QUADRIFID^E. 275 



death. (Condensed from Mr. G. T. Porritt's very full 

 account.) 



July to September on clover, Trifolium pratense and 

 T. repens, and also upon grasses, even feeding willingly upon 

 Phalaris arundinacea, but doubtless preferring meadow- 

 grasses. 



Pupa rather short and thick, of the ordinary form, limb 

 and antenna covers very minutely roughened or sculptured, 

 wing-covers even more minutely so, and without gloss ; the 

 trunk-case apparently pushed forward into a small arched 

 prominence in front of the head, segments rather smooth, 

 but the whole of the pupa so covered with a floury whitish 

 bloom that the surface is indistinct ; cremaster short and 

 blunt, but round and expanded, having a ridge of deep 

 crinkles round its edge ; from its centre projects a bunch of 

 hooked bristles rather twisted together. In a cocoon of dull 

 brown silk spun up among grass leaves, which are in some 

 degree twisted obliquely round it. In this condition through 

 the winter. 



The habits of this species are very similar to those of the 

 last. It flies in warm sunshine and frequents flowery 

 meadows and pastures, marshy places, open portions of woods, 

 railway banks and quarries ; settles sometimes on flowers, 

 more frequently among grass and herbage, and flies actively 

 if disturbed, yet only to make a circuit and settle again. 

 Apparently common in suitable places in all the Southern, 

 South Midland, Eastern and Western Counties, scarce or local 

 in the Midlands, and to be found here and there in sheltered 

 spots northward to Northumberland ; also probably through- 

 out Wales, since it is fairly common in Pembrokeshire. Iu 

 Scotland near Hawick, and in East Lothian, more particularly 

 upon the Edinburgh coast, and one specimen has been secured 

 in Aberdeenshire; in the west it occurs in Ayrshire and 

 Lanark as well as in the Solway district. Sir Thomas Mon- 

 crieffe stated that it might formerly be found at the foot of 



