GEOMETRINA—BOARMIDAZ. 339 



streak, which it is convenient to call the discal spot. The 

 markings of the hind wings are usually few or indistinct, 

 but the apex of the discal cell is ordinarily furnished with a 

 central dark spot or lunule, as in the Noduina, and this is 

 commonly much more distinct on the underside. 



The antennas are extremely various, either strongly pecti- 

 nated with short thick teeth, or with long slender curved 

 teeth, or even plumose ; in some genera, pectinated for only 

 a part of their length, the apical portion being simple ; or 

 they are notched, or ciliated in tufts, or merely simple and 

 ciliated throughout, or even apparently naked, though there 

 are few in which a faint silky pubescence may not be detected, 

 along the front, by the aid of a good lens. Always threadlike 

 in the female. 



Larvae almost invariably devoid of the first three pairs 

 of prolegs, or having them imperfectly developed ; looping 

 strongly in progression, and much given to extending them- 

 selves stiffly, like twigs, when at rest, supported only by the 

 two hinder pairs of prolegs. 



I have again to acknowledge the assistance derived from 

 Sir George Hampson's work on the Lepidoptera of India in 

 working out the families. 



Family 1. BOARMID51. 



Antennas various, often wholly or partially pectinated ; 

 palpi short ; tongue well developed ; thorax rather rough, 

 with long scales, sometimes stout and very shaggy ; abdomen 

 tapering or slender, without crests; fore wings usually broad ; 

 hind wings ample, vein 5 obsolete, no indication thereof in the 

 form of the hind margin. 



Larv.-e usually twig-like, feeding openly on trees, shrubs, 

 or low-growing plants. 



PuPjE rather sharply tapering behind, usually in a silken 

 cocoon. 



