groups, but females were more numer- 

 ous in the older ones. Mean number of 

 eggs was 5,330 for 37females 10.5-17.4 

 inches long. 



BAILEY, MERRYLL M. 



1964. Age, growth, maturity, and sex conn- 

 position of the American smelt, 

 Osmerus mordax (Mitchill), of western 

 Lake Superior. Trans. Amer. Fish. 

 Soc. 93(4):382-395. 



Collections of 4,561 smelt provided 

 information on various phases of the life 

 history. The presence of the first an- 

 nulus (sometimes lacking in slowly 

 growing stocks) was established, and a 

 body-scale relation was determined. 

 Time of annulus formation extends from 

 early or mid- June to past the middle of 

 August. Weight increased as the 2.952 

 power of the length. Best annual growth 

 in length (3.3 inches) was in the second 

 year. Best growth in weight was in the 

 third (0.74 ounce, males; 0.85 ounce, 

 females). Growth of females was dis- 

 tinctly better than that of males beyond 

 the third year. Shortest mature smelt of 

 each sex were at 5.0-5.2 inches, but 

 males are first to reach 100-percent 

 maturity. All year-old smelt were im- 

 mature. Among 2-year-olds, 40.7 per- 

 cent of the males and 17.7 percent of the 

 females were mature. Older fish of both 

 sexes were mature. Ovaries of 10 smelt, 

 7.3 to 8.8 inches long, contained an aver- 

 age of 31,338 eggs. 



BAILEY, REEVE M., vide: PAUL H. ESCH- 

 MEYER. 



BEETON, ALFRED M. 



1958. Relationship between Secchi disc 

 readings and light penetration in Lake 

 Huron. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 87:73- 

 79. 



Paired photometer and Secchi disk 

 measurements at 18 localities in Sagi- 

 naw Bay and Lake Huron proper sup- 

 ported views based on other evidence 

 on movements of clear lake water into 

 and out of the Bay. Transmission of 

 incident light averaged 14.7 percent at 

 Secchi disk level. Discrepancies be- 

 tween photometer and disk measure- 

 ments were attributed to sky and sea 

 conditions. 



BEETON, ALFRED M. 



1959. Photoreception in the opossum 

 shrimp, Mysis relicta Loven. Biol. 

 Bull. 116(2):204-216. 



Mysis relicta has at least two visual 

 pigments with absorption peaks at or 



below 3,950 angstroms and at 5,150 

 angstroms; the latter and stronger peak 

 is most significant in orientation. Ability 

 to "dark-adapt" quickly indicates rapid 

 regeneration of visual purple, Mysis is 

 photopositive unless kept in darkness 10 

 hours or longer; then it becomes photo- 

 negative. 



BEETON, ALFRED M. 



1960a. Great Lakes limnological investi- 

 gations. In Proc. 3d Conf. Great Lakes 

 Res., p. 123-128. Univ. Mich., Inst, 

 Sci. Technol., Great Lakes Res. Div,, 

 Publ, 4, 



Federal limnological research in the 

 Great Lakes in the 1950's is reviewed, 

 and broad comments are offered on the 

 characteristics of the Lakes and on evi- 

 dence for change in certain areas, as 

 western Lake Erie. Particular stress 

 is laid on the importance of long-term 

 and continuing studies and on the value 

 of interagency and interdisciplinary co- 

 operation for attacks on problems be- 

 yond the capabilities of a single group. 



BEETON, ALFRED M. 



1960b. The vertical migration of Mysis 

 relicta in Lakes Huron and Michigan. 

 J. Fish. Res. Bd, Can. 17(4):517- 539. 



A preference for low light intensity 

 keeps Mysis concentrated near the 

 bottom by day. They move upward toward 

 sunset as surface light decreases from 

 1 5 to 1 foot candle. This movement may 

 carry them entirely through the meta- 

 limnion, but later in the night most are 

 in or below that layer. They descend 

 toward the bottom as light increases 

 in the morning. 



BEETON, ALFRED M, 



1961. Environmental changes in Lake Erie. 

 Trans, Amer. Fish. Soc. 90(2): 153- 

 159, 



Fish fauna, bottom fauna, and chem- 

 ical conditions of Lake Erie have 

 changed greatly over the past 60 years. 

 Cisco and blue pike, once major com- 

 mercial species, have almost disap- 

 peared. Midge larvae and oligochaetes 

 have replaced Hexagenia as the donni- 

 nant bottom organisms. Concentrations 

 of major ions have increased as much 

 as 10 p. p.m. Late-summer oxygen 

 depletion is becoming more severe and 

 affecting greater areas. All evidence 

 points toward progressive eutrophica- 

 tion. 



