efficiently in both clear and turbid 

 water. It has saved time and costs in 

 treatment of streams with chemicals 

 to destroy larval sea lampreys. 



EBEL, WESLEY J., vide: ROBERT A. BRAEM. 



EDSALL, THOMAS A. 



1960. Age and growth of the whitefish, 

 Coregonus clupeaformis, of Munising 

 Bay, Lake Superior. Trans. Amer. Fish. 

 Soc. 89(4):323-332. 



Life-history study of a dwarf white- 

 fish stock confined to Munising Bay. 

 Includes data on body- scale relation, 

 growth rate, age composition, length- 

 weight relation, sex ratio, and matur- 

 ity. Growth was slowest reported for 

 any Great Lakes stock. The fish re- 

 quired almost 8 years to reach 10 

 inches and 13 years to reach 15 inches. 

 The weight of 1 pound was attained in 

 14 years. Maturity was attained at a 

 small size but at an advanced age. All 

 males were mature beyond 14.4 inches 

 (age-group XII) and all females beyond 

 14.9 inches (age-group XII). 



EDSALL, THOMAS A. 



1964, Feeding by three species of fishes on 

 the eggs of spawning alewives. Copeia 

 1964 (l):226-227. 



Collections of alewives and of fish 

 attendant on them during spawning 

 demonstrated predation on alewife eggs 

 as follows: 20 of 40 alewives (including 

 both mature and immature fish); 37 of 

 43 spottail shiners; 1 of 2 emerald 

 shiners. Scales (probably from shiners) 

 had been ingested by the following num- 

 bers of fish: alewives, 33; spottail 

 shiners, 18; emerald shiner, 1. 



ELLIOTT, OLIVER R. 

 BERNARD R. SMITH. 



vide: A. E. HALL; 



EL-ZARKA, SALAH EL- DIN. 



1959. Fluctuations in the population of 

 yellow perch, Perca flavescens 

 (Mitchill), in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. 

 U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Fish. Bull. 59: 

 365-415. 



Comparison of stock as to size, age, 

 growth, length-weight relation, and sex 

 ratio as shown by 1945-55 collections, 

 and in an earlier study based on 1929-30 

 collections. Size and growth rate were 

 low (slowest growth reported for the 

 Great Lakes) in the more recent 

 samples, but perch of a size to betaken 

 in commercial trap nets were about 

 seven times as numerous in 1945-55 as 



in 1929-30. The length-weight relations 

 were similar in the two periods; males 

 were relatively the more numerous in 

 the more recent samples. Attempts to 

 correlate year-class strength and an- 

 nual fluctuations in growth met limited 

 success. Year-class strength was not 

 correlated with the abundance of legal- 

 sized fish in year of origin or with tem- 

 perature, precipitation, water level, or 

 turbidity. First-year growth was corre- 

 lated negatively with turbidity but not 

 with year-class strength or other fac- 

 tors. Growth beyond the first year varied 

 inversely with May to October water 

 level but was not correlated with the 

 abundance of legal-sized fish or other 

 environmental factors. 



ERKKILA, LEO F. 



1962. Lamprey control and research in the 

 United States. Great Lakes Fish. 

 Comm., Annu. Rep. for 1962:25-39. 



A summary report of work performed 

 by the U.S. Bureau of Commercial Fish- 

 eries under contract with the Great 

 Lakes Fishery Comnnission. Included is 

 information on such matters as stream 

 treatments for sea lamprey control, 

 surveys of abundance and distribution, 

 numbers of spawning lampreys taken in 

 index weirs, biology of adult and larval 

 lampreys, and research toward im- 

 proving control methods and reducing 

 costs. A sharp reduction of the abun- 

 dance of lampreys in Lake Superior is 

 stressed. 



ERKKILA, LEO F. 



1964. Lamprey control and research in the 

 United States. Great Lakes Fish. 

 Comm., Annu. Rep. for 1963:30-41, 



A report corresponding to the one 

 given by the same author for 1962. A 

 major point is the continued reduction 

 of spawning sea lampreys in Lake 

 Superior--convincing evidence of the 

 effectiveness of chemical control. 



ERKKILA, LEO F,, BERNARD R, SMITH, and 

 ALBERTON L. McLAIN. 

 1956, Sea lamprey control on the Great 

 Lakes, 1953 and 1954, Fish Wildl. Serv,, 

 Spec, Sci. Rep. Fish. 175, ii + 27 p. 



Summary of operations of electrical 

 control devices in tributary streams 

 along the south shore of Lake Superior 

 and in northern Green Bay, Lake Michi- 

 gan. Lists numbers of lampreys and fish 

 taken in different streams and discusses 

 the problem of minimizing the kill of 

 useful species. Includes biological data 

 on lamprey runs. 



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