(3) Only about one-third of the sampled lobstermen 

 had received any formal vocational training in other 

 fields. 



Management Schemes. 



(1) Given the problem of overcapitalization in the 

 Maine American lobster fishery, it is becoming in- 

 creasingly apparent that management strategies must 

 be employed (a) to protect the resource from further 

 overexploitation and (b) to allow maximum freedom 

 for operators to function in a free enterprise fashion. 



(2) With the aid of a bioeconomic simulation model, 

 we were able to project the impact on the resource and 

 industry of variously proposed management strategies 

 to central fishing effort. For example, a freeze on the 

 level of fishing effort existing in 1969 would require a 

 trap license fee of $2.27. An attempt to reduce fishing 

 effort to that necessary to harvest MSY would require 

 a license fee of $7.14 per trap. Serious disadvantages 

 of the license fee scheme on traps are (a) difficulty in 

 controlling utilization of the individual trap, (b) prob- 

 lem with enforcement, and (c) possibly a reduction in 

 income for those that have low opportunity cost and 

 will remain in the fishery after the imposition of the 

 license fees on traps. 



(3) A stock certificate plan to change the common 

 property nature of the resource to a private property 

 one by distributing the existing catch on the basis of 

 individual historical catch offers promise of increasing 

 incomes in the industry and overcoming many of the 

 shortcomings of higher license fees. However, the 

 most serious disadvantage is that the regulatory au- 

 thority would not have revenues to conduct scientific 

 investigation or provide enforcement. 



(4) On the basis of our socioeconomic sample of 

 lobster fishermen, we conclude that the license fee 

 level that might displace labor would have a minimum 

 unemployment impact. A reduction in the degree of 

 capitalization will raise overall income for the fishing 

 communities of Maine. 



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