KIMURA, KINGS UKE. 



1956a. The standard length of the Pacific 



saury, Cololabis saira (Brevoort). Bull. 



Tohoku Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 7: 1-11. 



(In Japanese with English sumntiary.) 



The author reported various Japanese methods of 



measuring the length of fish. The standard length adopted in 



Japan is the distance betweenthetipof the lower jaw and the 



posterior end of the muscular nob on the caudal base. 



1956b. A theory of congregation and separa- 

 tion of fish by oceanographic condition. 

 Report 1 referring to Pacific saury fish- 

 ing of Tohoku Regional Sea in fall. Bull. 

 Tohoku Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 7: 103- 145. 

 (In Japanese with English summary.) 

 It was previously accepted that during the north to south 

 saury migration, the larger fish precede the smaller ones. 

 This study Indicated that this generalization is not always 

 true and that the southward migrating population may have 

 either a bimodal or unimodal length composition depending 

 on oceanographic conditions. The larger saury do begin the 

 southward migration first; however, they will not penetrate 

 a well-defined thermal gradient. As a result the medium- 

 size saury often catch up and intermix with the large saury 

 before the thermal gradient has weakened sufficiently so 

 that southerly migration can proceed. Thus the timing of 

 the southerly migration in the fishing grounds may be pre- 

 dicted by the presence orabsenceof the "shiozakai" (boun- 

 dary waters between the warm Kuroshi Current and the 

 colder Oyashio Current). This phenomenon also accounts 

 for the abundance of large saury in the southerly fishing 

 grounds and medium saury in the more northerly fishing 

 grounds during years of unstable thermal gradient. 



1956c. Drift-net fishery of Pacific saury of 

 Japan in 1936-43. Tohoku Reg. Fish. 

 Res. Lab. 7: 146-183. (In Japanese with 

 English summary.) 

 Before 1948, the Japanese fished saury by drift nets (gill 

 nets). Although gill netting was not nearly as efficient as the 

 present method (Bouke-Ami or stick-held dip net), good 

 catches were made and the basic saury migration patterns 

 were established. Catch information is presented, and 

 migration patterns described. 



1956d. On the Pacific saury caught by the 



set-net. Bull. Tohoku Reg. Fish. Res. 



Lab. 7: 184-238. (In Japanese with 



English summary.) 



Before 1948, set nets and the more popular drift net or free 



floating gill nets were used as commercial saury fishing 



gear. Although the catch by set nets was generally not high, 



basic migration routes of saury were established from catch 



information. General migration patterns are described. 



1960. A population study on autumn Pacific 

 saury ( Cololabis saira ) in the North- 

 eastern Sea of Honshu, Japan. Bull. 

 Tohoku Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 14: 1-82. 

 (In Japanese with English summary.) 

 Three main aspects of saury fishing are reported; 



(1) movements of saury within the Japanese fishing grounds; 



(2) factors concerning or affecting the fishing effort; and 



(3) a calculation of catch per unit of effort for the stick- 

 held dip net. The catch per unit of effort dropped as the 



fishing season progressed. Movements of fish in the fish- 

 ing grounds varied because of many factors such as dif- 

 ferences in size composition, oceanographic conditions, 

 and areas within fishing grounds. 



KIMURA, KINOSUKE, SHIN-ICHI FUKUSHIMA, 

 SHIGERU ODATE, and YUKIO AIZAWA. 

 1961. Main spawning season and ground of 



the Pacific saury migrating southward 



in Tohoku Kaiku. Bull. Tohoku Reg. 



Fish. Res. Lab. 19: 1-41. (In Japanese 



with English summary.) 

 Information presented in this report supports the Japa- 

 nese theory on saury migration and age composition as 

 it pertains to spawning. Considerable data on spring- 

 spawning and fall-spawning saury and information on 

 larval development and migration patterns are presented. 

 The authors concluded that saury do not spawn until they 

 reach 30 cm. long. Thus, saury that are less than 30 cm. 

 long in the fall are probably spring-spawning fish. 



KIMURA, KINOSUKE, HIDEYUKI HOTTA, 

 SHIN-ICHI FUKUSHIMA, SHIGERU ODATE, 

 AKIRA FUKUHARA, and MASAJI NAITO. 

 1958. Study of the Pacific saury spawning on 



the drifting seaweeds in the Sea of Japan. 



Bull. Tohoku Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 



12: 28-45. (In Japanese with English 



summary.) 

 This study indicated that spawning saury concentrate 

 into large schools along the border of the Japan Sea Front 

 (an area of warm and cold waters) where large amounts of 

 floating seaweed are common. After eggs are deposited, 

 they adhere to seaweed until they hatch. Spawning takes 

 place during the entire 24-hour period, with peak spawning 

 activities at midnight, early morning, and midaftemoon. 

 Waters surrounding the seaweed heavily loaded with saury 

 eggs harbor many species of larval and juvenile fish. 

 Stomachs of Agrammus agrammus weighing 3 to 20 g. 

 contained quantities of saury eggs equal to 10 percent of 

 their body weight. 



KIMURA, KINOSUKE, HIDEYUKI HOTTA, 

 SHIGERU ODATE, AKIRA FUKUHARA, and 

 MASAJI NAITO. 

 1956. Pacific saury in the adjacent seas of 

 Tsugaru Strait. Bull. Tohoku Reg. Fish. 

 Res. Lab. 7: 239-295. (In Japanese with 

 English summary.) 

 The migration patterns of the Pacific saury in the com- 

 mercially fished waters of Japan are presented in detail. 

 General migration patterns varied annually and were regu- 

 lated by movements of water masses and associated 

 temperature fluctuations. Drift-bottle data were helpful 

 in predicting migration routes in coastal waters. 



KOBAYASHI, TAKASHI, MAKOTO WAKO, and 

 MASAJI NAITO. 

 1968. Studies on the life of the Pacific saury, 

 Cololabis saira (Brevoort). I. Aggre- 

 gative characteristics of adult of the 

 autumn- spawning population. Sci. Rep. 

 Hokkaido Fish. Exp. Sta. 9: 1-45. (In 

 Japanese with English summary and 

 figures.) 



