1943. Slethojulis phekadopleura has been applied to the initial 

 color phase and casturi to the terminal phase (Randall and Kay, 

 1974). 



Thalassoma amblycephatum (Bleeker, 1856). Sugale-aloama. 



Julis melanochirus — Schmeltz, 1865. 



As Thalassoma marnae (juvenile color phase), Schultz, 1943. 



Thalassoma melanochir has been used for the adult phase. 

 Thalassoma fuscum (Lacepede, 1802). Uloulo-gatala (initial 



phase), iiata'ota'o (terminal male). 



Julis trilobaia — Schmeltz, 1866. 



As Thalassoma fuscum and T. umbrosligma (pan), Jordan and 



Scale, 1906 and as T. trilobata and T. umbrosligma (part), 



Schultz, 1943. The initial color phase of this species is similar to 



that of purpureum and both have been labeled umbrosligma. 

 Thalassoma hardwickei {Bennelt, 1830). Sugale-a'au, lape-ele'ele. 



Julis schwanfeldii — Schmeltz, 1869. 



As Thalassoma dorsale, Jordan and Scale, 1906 and as T. hard- 



wicke and T. schwanenfeldii, Schultz, 1943. 

 Thalassoma luiescens (Lay and Bennett, 1839). Sugale-samasama. 



Julis aneitensis — GiJnther, 1909. 



Thalassoma purpureum (Forsskal, 1775). Uloulo-gatala (initial 



phase), patagaloa (terminal male). 



Thalassoma purpureum, T. cyanogasler, and T. umbrosligma 



(part) — Jordan and Scale, 1906. 



As T. purpureum and T. umbrosligma (part), Schultz, 1943. 

 Thalassoma quinqueviltatum (Lay and Bennett, 1839). Lape- 



moana. 



Julis gunlheri—Schme\tz, 1866. 



As Thalassoma g'unlheri, Jordan and Scale, 1906. 

 Wetmorella albofasciala Schultz and Marshall, 1954. La'ofia. 



(BPBM 28132.) 

 fVelmorella nigropinnata (Seale, 1901). La'ofia. 

 Xyrichlys aneitensis (Giinther, 1862). 



Sugale-tatanu (Am. Samoa), ulumalo (W. Samoa). 



Randall believes that niveilalus is a junior synonym. (BPBM 



17455, 22717.) 

 Xyrichlys celebicus (Bleeker, 1856). Sugale-tatanu (Am. Samoa), 



ulumalo (W. Samoa). 



Scaridae (Parrotfishes) 



Fuga is the general name for small to medium sized parrot- 

 fishes. Reddish brown individuals are sometimes referred to as 

 fugamea and greenish blue species are called fugausi. Larger in- 

 dividuals are termed laea (20-50 cm TL) or galo ( > 50 cm TL). 

 Because of the relative uniformity amongst the meristic and other 

 characteristics (except live coloration) of parrotfishes, the tax- 

 onomy of this family has long been confused. Initial and terminal 

 color phases were usually assigned different names and numerous 

 synonyms have accumulated over the years for most species. 

 Underwater observations of courtship and reproductive behavior, 

 color photographs of live and fresh-dead specimens, and extensive 

 collection efforts, however, have resulted in considerable 

 synonymy and revision beginning with the work of Schultz (1958) 

 and continuing through the present. For many species, further 

 study is still required. The list which follows reflects the curtent 

 opinion of John E. Randall who also assisted with the identifica- 

 tions. Included are the results of the study by Randall and Choat 

 (1980) of central and South Pacific Scarus and the review by Ran- 

 dall and Bruce (in press) of Western Indian Ocean parrotfishes. 



Bolbomelopon muricalum (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- 

 nes, 1839). Uluto'i (<20 cm TL), laea-uluto'i (20-50 cm TL), 

 galo uluto'i (>50 cm TL). 



Calolomus sandwicensis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valencien- 

 nes, 1839). Fuga-valea. 



Callyodon molluccensis — Schmeltz, 1869. 



Callyodon spinidens is a junior synonym. 

 Cetoscarus bicolor (Riippell, 1829). Fuga-sina (juvenile), mamanu 



(initial phase, < 25 cm TL), laea-mamanu (initial phase, >25 cm 



TL), laea-usi (terminal phase). 



Chlorurus bicolor — Schultz, 1958. 

 Hipposcarus longiceps (Valenciennes m Cuvier and Valenciennes, 



1839). Ulapokea (<25 cm TL), laea-ulapokea (>25 cm TL). 



Pseudoscarus harid — Giinther, 1909. 

 *Leploscarus vaigiensis (Quoy and Gaimard, 1824). 



Scarichlhys coendeopunclalus — Schmeltz, 1874. 

 Scarus atropecloralis Schultz, 1958. 



This species was observed only at Rose Atoll. Randall writes 



that Schultz (1969) incorrectly placed the species in synonymy 



with caudofascialus. an Indian Ocean species. 

 Scarus brevifilis (Giinther, 1909). Laea-sina. 



Callyodon prasiognalhus — Jordan and Scale, 1906. 



As Scarus brevifilis and S. chlorodon, Schultz, 1958. The initial 



color phase has been referred to as brevifilis and the terminal 



phase as chlorodon. 

 Scarus dimidialus Bkeker, 1859. Fuga-alosama. 



Callyodon fumifrons (initial phase) and C. zonularis (terminal 



male) — Jordan and Scale, 1906. 



As Scarus caudofascialus (terminal male) and S. dimidialus 



(initial phase), Schultz, 1943. 



Scarus feslivus Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840. 



Scarus lunula is a synonym. 

 Scarus f renal us Lacepede, 1802. Laea-mea (initial phase), laea- 



si'umoana (terminal phase). 



Callyodon upolensis — Jordan and Scale, 1906. 



Terminal males have been referred to as frenalus and ver- 



miculalus, and se.\'\'illatus has been used for the initial color 



phase (Randall 1963b). 

 Scarus frontalis Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1839. 



Callyodon laia.x — Jordan and Scale. 1906. 



As Scarus Jonesi, Schultz, 1943. 

 Scarus ghobban (Forsskal, 1775). Fuga-alova. 



Scarus maculosus — Schmeltz, 1865. 

 Scarus gibbus Riippell, 1828. Fugausi (<25 cm TL), laea (25-40 



cm TL), ulumalo (40-50 cm TL), galo (>50 cm TL). 



Scarus microcheilos — Schmeltz, 1865. 



As Callyodon ullramarinus, Jordan and Scale, 1906 and as 



Scarus microrhinos, Schultz, 1943. 

 Scarus globiceps Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1840. 



Scarus globiceps — Fowler, 1900. 



As Callyodon spilonotus, Jordan and Scale, 1906. 

 Scarus japanensis (Bloch, 1789). Fuga-si'umu (initial phase), 



laea-ulusama (terminal phase). 



Callyodon abacurus and C. pyrrhurus — Jordan and Scale, 1906. 



Scarus capistratoides is a junior synonym (Randall and Choat 



1980). 

 Scarus niger (Forsskal, 1775). Fuga-pala «25 cm TL), laea-pala 



(>25 cm TL). 



Callyodon niger — Steindachner, 1906. 



As Callyodon maoricus, Jordan and Scale, 1906 and as Scarus 



nuchipunctatus, Schultz, 1943. 



23 



