thousands perish from cold every year. 

 449. 



P- 



Bean, T. H. 



1903a. The food and game fishes of New 

 York: Notes on common names, distribution, 

 habits and capture of New York fishes. N. Y. 

 Forest Fish Game Comm., 7th Annu. Rep.: 

 251-460. 



The habits and occurrences are described. 



This account is an amplification of Bean 



(1901). 



Bean,T. H. 



1903b. Catalogue of the fishes of New York. 

 N. Y. State Mus., Bull. 60, 9: 1-784. 



This report contains a taxonomic 

 description, synonymy, and general 

 account of the habits of the cunner and is 

 the same as that given in Bean (1903a). 



Bevelander, G. 



1935. A comparative study of the branchial 

 epithelium in fishes, with special reference to 

 extraneural excretion. J. Morphol., 57(2): 

 335-347. 



The character of the cunner respiratory 

 epithelium was found to be that of the 

 prevalent flat squamous type. The mucous 

 cells examined were noted to be large and 

 numerous in the interlamellar areas and 

 very numerous on the free surface of 

 lamellae. 



Bevelander, G. 



1936. Branchial glands in fishes. J. Morphol., 

 59(2): 215-224. 



The branchial glands in the cunner were 

 found to consist of loosely packed, 

 flask-shaped patches of cells. These cells 

 "present a wide variety of shapes, but are 

 for the most part modified columnar cells, 

 which are elongated but extremely 

 irregular." p. 218. 



Bigelow, H. B. 



1914. Explorations in the Gulf of Maine, July 

 and August, 1912 by the United States 

 Fisheries Schooner GRAMPUS. 

 Oceanography and notes on plankton. Bull. 

 Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., 58(2): 

 29-147. 



Data on the larval and postlarval stages 

 taken in the plankton hauls are listed. 



Bigelow, H. B. 



1917. Explorations of the coast water 

 between Cape Cod and Halifax in 1914 and 

 1915 by the United States Fisheries Schooner 

 GRAMPUS. Oceanography and plankton. 

 Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., 

 61(8): 161-357. 



The newly spawned eggs of the yellowtail 

 flounder and cunner are likely to be 

 confused but "the two can usually be 

 distinguished by size, the former averaging 

 .9 mm, the latter .75-.85 mm in 

 diameter." p. 226. "Eggs of the cunner 

 (Tautogolabrus adspersus) were taken at 

 seven localities always close to land. . . 

 The absence of its eggs at the off-shore 

 stations was to be expected, from its 

 general distribution." p. 267. 



Bigelow, H. B. 



1928. Plankton of the offshore waters of the 

 Gulf of Maine. Bull. U. S. Bur. Fish, for 

 1924,40(2): 1-509. 



The various reasons for an absence of 



pelagic larvae are discussed; i.e., larval 



drift, low larval survival, poor egg viability. 



"Some of the cunner (Tautogolabrus) 



larvae produced in St. Marys Bay, which 



Huntsman (1922) has found to be an 



important site of reproduction for this 



fish, must likewise find their way into the 



Bay of Fundy either around Brier Island 



or through the passages; but so few of 



them survive the conditions they 



/x encounter in the Bay of Fundy, that none 



a^' have been recorded from all the winter 



(k -V" and summer towing which has been done 



V A from the St. Andrews station." p. 73. 

 Q^ (^^ 



Bigelow, H. B., and W. C. Schroeder. 



1953. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. U.S. Fish. 

 Wildl. Serv., Fish Bull., 53(74): 1-577. 



This is the best general description (p. 

 473-478) of the life history. 



Bigelow, H. B., and W. W. Welsh. 



1925. Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. Bull. U. S. 

 Bur. Fish, for 1924, 40: 1-567. 



The ecology of this species is documented 

 (p. 280-286). 



