marine fishes tiiat were "affected by the 

 disease during the spring and summer of 

 1898, and the list includes all the fish, 

 with two exceptions, which were kept in 

 the aquaria of the Fish Commission at 

 Woods Hole, Mass., from March to 

 September." p. 33. 



Graham, J. J., and H. C. Boyar. 



1965. Ecology of herring larvae in the coastal 

 waters of Maine. Int. Comm. Northwest Atl. 

 Fish., Spec. Pub. 6: 625-634. 



Gunner larvae were captured in the 

 Sheepscot - Boothbay - Damariscotta 

 region of Maine during August - October, 

 1961-62. 



Grant, L. J., ed. 



1969. Wondrous world of fishes. National 

 Geographic Society, Washington, D. C. 373 

 pp. 



The tautog and cunner are often observed 



to swim together (p. 206). 



Gray, I. E., and F. G. Hall. 



1930. Blood sugar and activity in fishes with 

 notes on the action of insulin. Biol. Bull., 

 (Woods Hole), 58(3): 217-223. 



The fish possesses an average blood sugar 

 level of 25.2 mg sugar per 100 cc of blood. 

 "The results indicate that the blood sugar 

 level of the cunner is similar to that of 

 relatively inactive and sluggish fishes such 

 as the "sand-dab, Lophopsetta maculata 

 and the puffer, Spheroides maculatus.'" p. 

 220-221. 



Greeley, J. R. 



1939. A biological survey of the salt waters 

 of Long Island, 1938. Section II. Fishes and 

 habitat conditions of the shore zone based 

 upon July and August (1938) seining 

 investigations. Suppl. 28th Ann. Rep. N. Y. 

 Cons. Dept., Pt. 2: 72-92. 



"Cunner. The young of this resident 

 species were found to be moderately 

 common and widely distributed, the 27 

 collections representing both the north 

 and south shore regions. Early July to late 

 August specimens were represented, the 

 smallest being 15 millimeters. Several 

 juvenile individuals, probably one year 



old, were taken but adults were not seined 

 as they are in deeper water than could be 

 covered by shore seining." p. 88. 



Green, J. M., and M. Farwell. 



1971. Winter habits of the cunner, 

 Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum 1792), in 

 Newfoundland. Canadian J. ZooL, 49(12): 

 1497-1499. 



SCUBA diving observations as well as 

 laboratory experiments demonstrated that 

 cunners remain torpid under rocks in 

 shallow water when winter temperatures 

 fall below 5° C. 



Gregory, W. K. 



1933. Fish skulls: A study of the evolution of 

 natural mechanisms. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, 

 23(2): 75-481. (Reprinted 1959 by Eric 

 Lundberg, Laurel, Florida. 481 pp.) 



The cranial structure is figured. "In 

 Tautogolabrus (Fig. 129), as in other 

 labrids, the ascending processes of the 

 premaxilla are longer than the aveolar 

 branch. The latter is attached at its distal 

 end to the lower end of the maxilla, which 

 in turn is fastened to the side of the 

 mandible. Hence, a lowering in the 

 mandible draws the premaxillae downward 

 and forward." p. 256. 



Gregory, W. K., and F. La Monte. 



1947. The world of fishes. Amer. Mus. Natur. 

 Hist., New York. 96 pp. 



"Apparently nature grew reckless when 

 she colored the Wrasses and Parrot Fishes, 

 for these are among the most bizarre sights 

 that bewilder the eye of the visitor to 

 undersea gardens in tropical waters. Only 

 the Cunner and the Tautog, among the 

 northern outliers of the family, have been 

 toned down into sobriety and somberness 

 in the chilly waters of New England. The 

 cunner retains the loose, protruding lips 

 and retreating forehead of its tropical 

 ancestors, but the tautog has acquired a 

 short, stiff mouth, a prominent chin, and a 

 generally determined countenance", p. 57. 



Greig, R. A., and R. H. Gnaedinger. 



1971. Occurrence of thiaminase in some 

 common aquatic animals of the United States 



15 



