and Canada. U. S. Dep. Commer., Nat. Mar. 



Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish No. 631. 7 



pp. 



The cunner was analyzed for the presence 

 of thiaminase. Reference is made to the 

 work of Lee (1948) from which the results 

 on the cunner were taken. 



Gross, A. O. 



1923. The black-crowned night heron 

 (Nycticorax nycticorax nacuicus) of Sandy 

 Hook. Auk, 40: 1-30. 



Cunner is cited (p. 19) as a food item of 



the night heron. 



Giinther, A. 



1861. Catalogue of the fishes in the British 

 Museum, Vol. 4. London. (Reprinted 1964, 

 Strechert-Hafner Service Agency, Inc. New 

 York. 534 pp.) 



The taxonomic description with 

 synonomy is given (p. 90-91). 



Giinther, A. 



1880. An introduction to the study of fishes. 



Adam and Charles Black, Edinburgh. 720 pp. 

 The author lists (p. 527) the cunner 

 (Ctenolabrus burgall) as being common on 

 the North American coast. 



Giinther, A. 



1886. Handbuch of Ichthyologie. Carl 

 Gerold's Sohn, Vienna. 527 pp. 



The fish is noted (p. 376) as occurring on 

 the North American coast. 



Halkett, A. 



1913. Check-list of fishes of the Dominion of 

 Canada and Newfoundland. Ottawa, Canada. 

 138 pp. 



The cunner is cited (p. 89). 



Hall, F. G. 



1930. The ability of the common mackerel 

 and certain other marine fishes to remove 

 dissolved oxygen from sea water. Amer. J. 

 Physiol., 93: 417-421. 



Investigations concerning the lowest 

 oxygen tension at which marine fishes are 

 capable of removing dissolved oxygen 

 demonstrated that cunners could remove 

 dissolved oxygen at an oxygen tension of 

 14.8 mm Hg. 



Hall, F. G., and I. E. Gray. 



1929. The hemoglobin concentration of the 

 blood of marine fishes. J. Biol. Chem., 81(3): 

 589-594. 



The hemoglobin concentration results of 

 four cunners are presented. The results 

 indicate that the cunner was in the 

 intermediate range of hemoglobin 

 concentration of the 15 teleost species 

 tested, - lower than bonito, mackeral and 

 menhaden but higher than goosefish, 

 toadfish and sanddab. 



Haugaard, N., and L. Irving. 



1943. The influence of temperature upon the 

 oxygen consumption of the cunner in 

 summer and winter. J. Cell. Comp. Physiol., 

 21(1): 19-26. 



Laboratory experiments on cunner 

 acclimated in tanks containing waters of 

 18-22° C (summer temperature) and 1-3° C 

 (winter temperature) indicated that the 

 rate of oxygen consumption of the 

 "winter fish" was a little higher than 

 that of the "summer fish" at all 

 temperatures below 15° C. "Since the 

 difference is small, the depression of 

 metabolism caused by the low 

 temperatures in winter probably leaves too 

 little physiological activity to enable the 

 cunners to stay in their summer habitat. . . 

 The information about the winter habits 

 of the cunner seems to agree with the 

 experimental observations." p. 25. 



Heller, A. F. 



1949. Parasites of cod and other marine fish 

 from the Bale de Chaleur region. Canadian J. 

 Res., 27D(5): 243-264. 



Two fish were examined for parasites. 



Specimens of the nematode species, 



Contracaecum aduncum, were found 



internally. 



Herman, S. S. 



1958. The planktonic fish eggs and larvae of 

 Narragansett Bay. M. S. thesis, Univ. Rhode 

 Island, 61 pp. 



The numbers of eggs and larvae of the 

 cunner collected in plankton hauls in 1957 

 is documented; "More cunner eggs were 

 collected during the study than any other 



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