the Woods Hole region, Massachusetts. Proc. 



U. S. Natl. Mus., 88(3078): 1-172. 



Gunner is listed as a host for the following 

 parasites: Cymbephallus uitellosus, 

 Lepocreadium trullaforme, Hemiurus 

 appendiculatus, Lecithaster confusus, and 

 Cryptocotyle lingua. An expanded 

 account of C. lingua infection of the 

 cunner is presented (p. 156-157). 



Linton, E. 



1941. Cestode parasites of teleost fishes of 

 the Woods Hole region. Massachusetts. Proc. 

 U. S. Natl. Mus., 90 (3112): 417-442. 



The cestode Bothriocephalus is listed as a 



parasite of cunners. 



Loeb, J. 



1895. Untersuchungen uber die 

 phy siologischen Wirkungen des 

 Sauerstoffmangels. Pfluger's Arch., 62: 

 249-294. 



Cited in Phillips (1940) as working with 



cunner eggs. 



Loeb, J. 



1912. Heredity in heterogeneous hybrids. J. 



Morphol., 23(1): 1-16. 



Attempts were made to hybridize cunner 

 eggs with sperm of scup and mummichog 

 and mummichog eggs with cunner sperm. 

 None of the crosses succeed in hatching. 



Loomis, F. B., and D. B. Young. 



1912. On the shell heaps of Maine. Amer. J. 



Sci., 34(199): 17-42. 



Thirty-two cunners were found in a shell 

 heap on Flagg Island and one cunner on a 

 shell heap on Seaward Island. 



Lugger, O. 



1877. Additions to list of fishes of Maryland, 

 published in report, January 1, 1876. Rep. 

 Comm. Fish. Maryland: 57-94. 



Cited in Hildebrand and Schroeder (1928) 

 as recording the occurrence of the cunner 

 in Worcester and adjoining counties, 

 Maryland. 



Lux, F. E., and F. E. Nichy. 



1971. Number and lengths, by season, of 

 fishes caught with an otter trawl near Woods 



Hole, Massachusetts, September 1961 to 



December 1962. U. S. Dept. Commerce, Nat. 



Mar. Fish. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. No. 



662. 15 pp. 



"Cunners were caught from September to 

 early December in 1961 and from late 

 March through November in 1962. . . 

 They were rare or absent during the 

 coldest months. This species spawns in 

 spring and early summer, and the fish 30 

 to 59 mm. long in 1961 were judged to be 

 young of the year. In 1962, the 0-group 

 fish appeared in catches in early July at 

 lengths of 17 to 27 mm and were present 

 through November. Cunners caught from 

 late March through June in 1962 probably 

 were 1-group fish; however, from July to 

 early September fish older than 1-group 

 also appeared to be present." p. 9-10. 



McAllister, D. E. 



1960. List of the marine fishes of Canada. 

 Bull. Nat. Mus. Canada, Biol. No. 168: 1-76. 

 The cunner is listed. 



McConnaughey, B. H. 



1970. Introduction to marine biology. The C. 



V. Mosby Co., St. Louis. 449 pp. 



"A few exceptional species (wrasses) are 

 found outside the tropics and become 

 larger than most species. The blackfish, or 

 tautog (Tautoga onitis), of the United 

 States Atlantic coast and the burgall, or 

 cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus), which 

 extends as far north as Labrador, are 

 examples." p. 151. 



McErlean, A. J. 



1963. Aquarium behavior of juvenile labrid 



fishes. Copeia, 1963 (1): 186. 



Observations of one cunner held in an 

 aquarium with six tautog for two weeks 

 yielded information on cunner 

 territoriality. A detailed description of the 

 animal's behavior is provided. 



McKenzie, R. A. 



1959. Marine and freshwater fishes of the 

 Miramichi River and Estuary, New 

 Brunswick. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 16(6): 

 807-829. 



"Called 'blue-perch' by many, this species 



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