Newman, H. H. 



1914. Modes of inheritance in teleost 

 hybrids. J. Exp. Zool., 16(4): 447-499. 



References and reviews the work of 

 Appellof (1894) on teleost hybrids. 

 Appellof attempted to cross the cod and 

 the cunner. 

 Newman, H. H. 



1915. Development and heredity in 

 heterogenic teleost hybrids. J. Exp. Zool., 

 18(4): 511-576. 



Newman performed the following hybrid 

 crosses: cunner sperm with the eggs of 

 F undulus heteroclitus; Fundulus 

 diaphanus ; Cyprinodon variegatus ; 

 Gasterosteus aculeatus; Apettes quadracus; 

 Menidia menidia notata; Stenotomus 

 chrysops; and cunner eggs with the sperm 

 of F. heterclitus; F. majalis; A. quadracus; 

 M. menidia notata; M. beryllina cerea; 

 Poronotus triacanthus; and S. chrysops. 



New York State Conservation Department. 



Undated. Fish & fishing in New York. 36 pp. 

 "Cunner. A small, colorful fish abundant 

 over rocky bottoms and around docks and 

 piers. Hardly anyone fishes for them; 

 nearly everyone catches them. Take 'em or 

 leave 'em." p. 22. 



Nichol, J. A. C. 



1967. The biology of marine animals. Sir 

 Isaac Pitman Sons, Ltd., London. 699 pp. 

 The cunner is listed as exhibiting an 

 oxygen consumption of 108—126 cc. 

 02/kg— hour at 18° C. The rapidity with 

 which color changes are accomplished is 

 also noted. 



Nichols, J. T. 



1913. A list of fishes known to have occurred 

 within fifty miles of New York City. Abst. 

 Linn. Soc. N. Y. for 1907-1911, 20-23: 

 90-106. 



The cunner is listed. 



Nichols, J. T., and C. M. Breder, Jr. 



1927. The marine fishes of New York and 

 southern New England. Zoologica, 9(1): 

 1-192. 



A brief account (p. 129) of the 

 distribution, habits and life history of the 

 cunner is presented. 



Norman, J. R. 



1966. A draft synopsis of the orders, families 

 and genera of recent fishes and fish-like 

 vertebrates. Trustees of the British Museum, 

 London. 649 pp. 



Tautogolabrus is listed (p. 353). 



Norman, W. W. 



1896. Segmentation of the nucleus without 

 segmentation of the protoplasm. Archiv fiir 

 Entwicklungsmechanik der Organismus, 3: 

 106-126. 



Cunner eggs were used as experimental 

 material to ascertain the effects of 

 increased temperature on the 

 segmentation of the protoplasm. 



Ogren, L., and J. Chess. 



1969. A marine kill on New Jersey wrecks. 

 Underwater Natur., 6(2): 4-12. 



A mortality of marine organisms was 

 noted off the coast of southern New 

 Jersey in the fall of 1968. Cunners were 

 noted to be affected in the area of the 

 wreck 'Delaware.' "They were lying on the 

 upper part of the wreck, curled or pressed 

 into crevices. They exhibited blotchy 

 pigmentation, gaping mouths, and erect 

 fins. Some of these cunner would swim in 

 a disoriented manner when disturbed. No 

 live cunner were found on the 'Delaware' 

 three weeks after the first stress symptoms 

 were observed. The absence of large 

 numbers of dead fish suggests that the 

 majority of cunner moved off the wreck." 

 p. 5. 



Nichols, J. T. 



1918. Fishes of the vicinity of New York 

 City. Amer. Mus. Natur. Hist., Handbook 

 Ser.,No. 7: 1-118. 



An account (p. 80-81) of the habits of the 

 cunner and a description of the fish are 

 provided. 



Orlowski, S. J., S. S. Herman, R. G. Malsberger, 

 and H. N. Pritchard. 



1972. Distinguishing cunner and tautog eggs 

 by immunodiffusion. J. Fish. Res. Bd. 

 Canada 29(1): 111-112. 



An immumodiffusion technique is 

 described which enables eggs of the cunner 



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