May through September. . . (although) the 

 height of spawning is reached in June. . . 

 During July and August, the Griek trawl, 

 picked up two size groups of cunners. One 

 group, from 15 to 34 mm, represented 

 young of the year whereas the second 

 group from 45 to 89 mm probably were in 

 their second year." p. 28. 



Perlmutter, A. 



1961. Guide to marine fishes. Bramhall 



House, New York. 431 pp. 



A short description of the color, 

 distribution, general information, and 

 economic importance of the cunner is 

 provided (p. 393-394). 



PhUips, F. S. 



1940. Oxygen consumption and its inhibition 

 in the development of Funduliis and various 

 pelagic fish eggs. Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole), 

 78(2): 256-274. 



The respiration of the cunner egg during 

 the first several days of development and 

 its sensitivity to NaCN and NaN3 were 

 investigated. The results indicate that 

 cunner eggs are quite sensitive to 

 anaerobic conditions and cease 

 development almost immediately upon 

 exposure to respiratory poisons. These 

 findings corroborate observation of Loeb 

 (1895). 



Finney, E. 



1918. A study of the relation of the behavior 

 of the chromatin to development and 

 heredity in teleost hybrids. J. Morphol., 

 31(2): 225-292. 



Investigation of the developmental and 

 cytological processes occurring in hybrid 

 crosses between the cunner and Fundulus, 

 Menidia, and Stenotomus. 



Finney, E. 



1922. The initial block to normal 

 development in cross-fertilized eggs. I. 

 Crosses with the egg of Fundulus. II. 

 Reciprocal crosses between Ctenolabrus and 

 Prionotus. J. Morphol., 36(3): 401-420. 



An additional investigation of the behavior 

 of chromatin in teleost hybrid eggs. A 

 tabular summary of the data on the 



crosses performed is presented. "The first 

 cleavage mitosis depends upon certain 

 specific physical conditions of the 

 substratum, namely the egg protoplasm." 

 p. 402. 



Prince, E. E. 



1917. On serially striped haddock in New 

 Brunswick. Contrib. Canadian Biol, for 

 1915-1916-86-91. 



"The young forms (cunner) exhibit the 

 transverse bars, eight or nine dark ochre 

 bands richly spotted with black dots, 

 extending from the head region to the 

 base of the tail, when the fish is barely 

 half-an-inch long." p. 89. 



Provancher, A. 



1875. Faune Canadien. Les poissons. Le 

 Naturaliste Canadien, 7: 758. 



A description of the cunner and an 

 account of its occurrence is provided. 



Putnam, F. W. 



1863. List of the fishes sent by the museum 

 to different institutions, in exchange for 

 other specimens, with annotations. Bull. Mus. 

 Comp. Zool., Harvard Univ., 1: 2-16. 

 The cunner is listed. 



Radcliffe, L. 



1922. Fisheries of the New England States in 



1919. Rep. U. S. Comm. Fish, for 1921, 

 Append. 5: 120-187. 



Tables of catch and market statistics are 

 given throughout text. 



REinsom, B. H. 



1920. Synopsis of the trematode family 

 Heterophyidae with descriptions of a new 

 genera and five new species. Proc. U. S. Nat. 

 Mus., 57: 527-573. 



The cunner is listed as a host for the cyst 

 stage of Cryptocotyle lingua. 



Rathbun, R. 



1893. Report upon the inquiry respecting 



food-fishes and the fishing ground. Rep. U. S. 



Comm. Fish Fish, for 1889 to 1891, 17: 



97-171. 



"The eggs of the cunner are buoyant and 

 very transparent; about 26 are contained 



27 



