and a number of other inshore western 

 Atlantic species, causing the formation of 

 conspicuous cysts or 'black spots'." p. 53. 



Smith, G. M. 



1933. The mechanism of intake and outflow 

 of fluids in the lateral line canal of fishes. 

 Anat. Rec, 56(4): 365-368. 



Gunner was one of many species 

 investigated which failed to exhibit 

 definite penetration of colored fluids into 

 the lateral line canals. 



Smith, H. M. 



1894. Economic and natural history notes on 



fishes of the northern coast of New Jersey. 



Bull. U.S. Fish. Gomm. for 1892, 12: 



365-380. 



The fish is found "throughout the fishing 

 season" in pound nets catches. The largest 

 examples weigh \V2 pounds. "Small 

 examples were abundant in the dense 

 vegetable growth which adheres to 

 poundnet poles, ropes, anchors, etc. At 

 Bradley Beach an old rope, covered with 

 Ulua lactuca lactuca and U. enteromorpha 

 compressa, when pulled up had hundreds 

 of small cunners on it, which were landed 

 in the boat. . ." p. 378. 



Smith, H. M. 



1898. Fishes found in the vicinity of Woods 

 Hole. Bull. U. S. Fish. Gomm. for 1897, 17: 

 85-111. 



Gunner seasonal mortality is described in 

 addition to breeding habits and 

 distribution. 



Smith, J. V. C. 



1833. Natural history of the fishes of 

 Massachusetts, embracing a practical essay on 

 angling. Allen Ticknor, Boston. 399 pp. 



Gunner life history is discussed (p. 

 259-261). Baird (1873) states of this 

 publication "an exceptionally and even 

 ludicrously erroneous and worthless 

 compilation. . ." 



Smith, J. V. G. 



1835. A catalogue of the marine and 

 freshwater fishes of Massachusetts, p. 

 535-538. In E. H. Hitchcock [ed.], Report 



on the Geology, Mineralogy, Botany and 

 Zoology. Massachusetts, pt. 4. 

 Gunner, Labrus coricus, is listed. 



Smith, J. Gapt. 



1616. The generall historie of Virginia, New 

 England and the true travels, adventures, and 

 observations and a sea grammar. 2 vols., 

 London. Reprinted from the London edition 

 of 1629 by the Franklin Press, Richmond, 

 Va., 1819. 



Smith comments on the abundance of 

 fishes in New England and notes, "And in 

 the harbors we frequented, a little boye 

 might take of Gunners and Pinacks and 

 such delicate fish, at the ships sterne, more 

 than sixe or tenne can eate in a dale; but 

 with a casting net, thousands when wee 

 pleased. . ." 



So,.B. K. F. 



1972. Marine fish haematozoa from 

 Newfoundland waters. Ganadian J. Zool. 50: 

 543-554. 



Gunner was one of 28 species examined 

 for haematozoa. None of the 26 cunners 

 examined contained blood protozoa. 



Speidel, G. S. 



1922. Further comparative studies in other 

 fishes of cells that are homologous to the 

 large irregular glandular cells in the spinal 

 cord of the skates. J. Gomp. Neurol., 34(3): 

 303-318. 



Gunner is listed as one of the many species 

 of fish which were examined for Dahlgren 

 cells. The cells found in the cunner 

 exhibited lobulation of the nucleus and 

 large cell body size. 



Stafford, J. 



1905. Trematodes from Ganadian vertebrates. 



Zoologischer Anzeiger, 28: 631-694. 



The cunner is cited as a host for 

 Dermocystis centolabri (p. 682). 



Stafford, J. 



1907. Preliminary report on the trematodes 

 of Ganadian marine fishes. Gontrib. Canadian 

 Biol, for 1902-1905: 91-94. 



Distomum sp. was encysted in skin of 



cunner. 



31 



