caught them by the score; and by putting 

 a few hundred into the 'well' of our little 

 sloop, we kept ourselves, the dogs, and a 

 hawk ffa/co Sancti Johannis) well supplied 

 with fresh fish wilst at sea." p. 264. 



Stroud, R. H. 



1971. Introduction to symposium, p. 1-8. In 

 P. A. Douglas and R. H. Stroud [ed.] , A 

 symposium on the biological significance of 

 estuaries. Sport Fishing Institute, 

 Washington. 



Cunner is listed as a species which is 

 considered by some biologists to be 

 estuarine-dependent at some critical stage 

 in its life history. 



Stunkard, H. W. 



1930. The life history of Cryptocotyle lingua 

 (Creplin), with notes on the physiology of 

 the metacercariae. J. Morphol. Physiol., 50: 

 143-191. 



Experiments were performed with 

 trematode life stages obtained from 

 cunners. Host relations and specificity of 

 the trematode are presented on the basis 

 of experimental data. 



Suckling, J. A. 



1967. Trunk lateral line nerves: some 



anatomical aspects p. 45-52. In P. Cahn 



[ed.] 



Lateral line detectors. Indiana Univ. Press, 



Bloomington, Indiana. 



Cunner is listed as one of many species of 

 fish which have a "dorsal nerve present 

 with commissures passing to lateralis 

 nerve." p. 49. "Preliminary histological 

 studies on the lateralis nerve of 

 Katsuwonus pelamis and Tautogolabrus 

 adspersus suggest that there are both large 

 and small fibers present. The number 

 appears to be of the order of 1000 fibers 

 in the lateralis nerve, before it becomes 

 part of the vagus." p. 51. 



Sumner, F. B. 



1906a. The osmotic regulations between 

 fishes and their surrounding medium 

 (prehminary note). Biol. Bull. (Woods Hole), 

 10(6): 298-306. 



The cunner is not able to tolerate fresh 



water; the abruptness of transfer to low 

 salinity and fresh water is not as important 

 as the salinity level. 



Sumner, F. B. 



1906b. The physiological effects upon fishes 

 of changes in the density and salinity of 

 water. BuU. U. S. Bur. Fish, for 1905, 25: 

 53-108. 



"Of the typically marine fishes few were 

 tested as to their ability to withstand 

 abrupt transfer to fresh water, since this is 

 well known to result fatally in the case of 

 most species. . . Some cunner 

 (Tautogolabrus adspersus) were dead at 

 the end of 12 hours. . ." p. 60. The 

 following experiment was performed: 

 "Thirteen cunners (Tautogolabrus 

 adspersus) treated as were the fishes in the 

 two preceding experiments. (Specimens 

 transferred to fresh water through a series 

 of daily steps of 0.001 in specific gravity. 

 Fishes were fed throughout the 

 experiment). All died within 12 hours 

 after reaching fresh water though 

 apparently healthy till this occurred." p. 

 65. 



Sumner, F. B., R. C. Osburn and L. J. Cole. 

 1913. A biological survey of the waters of 

 Woods Hole and vicinity. Pt. 1. Sec. 1. 

 Physical and zoological. Pt. 2 Sec. 3. A 

 catalogue of the marine fauna. Bull. U. S. 

 Bur. Fish for 1911, 31: 5-441, 547-794. 



Cunner is listed as one of the species 

 obtained during the survey. A chart 

 illustrating the distribution of the cunner 

 in Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay is 

 provided as well as a description of the 

 food, parasites, and habits (p. 759-760). 



Thomas, M. L. H. and G. H. White. 



1969. Mass mortality of estuarine fauna at 

 Bideford, P.E.I., associated with abnormally 

 low salinities. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 

 26(3): 701-704. 



"In May 1967 an up-estuary gale caused 

 the buildup of an extra-ordinarily deep 

 freshwater layer in Bideford River, P.E.I. ; 

 salinities at 3 m fell to less than l°/oo." 

 A single dead specimen of Tautogolabrus 

 adspersus, the cunner, was noted after this 

 phenomenon. 



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