Fox, Thomas H. Fox, Stephen L. Gardiner, Jeffrey D. 

 Green, J. Thompson Hunter, Charles E. Jenner, Eric 

 Lindgren, David Nixon, Hugh J. Porter, Frank J. 

 Schwartz, Sarah G. Tomlinson, S. Ann Watkins, Austin 

 B. WilHams, and W Herbert Wilson. 



INVERTEBRATES - GENERAL 



CARRIKER, M. R., coordinator. 



Marine tlora and fauna of the northeastern United 

 States. (IMS, NMFS, NCSU, DUKE-BIOL. A 

 series of pictoral keys being published in the 

 National Marine Fisheries Service Circulars. Only 

 a few issues have been completed but many more 

 are anticipated. They cover the region from Maine 

 to Virginia but many should have utility further 

 south.) 



GOSNER, K. L. 



1971. Guide to identification of marine and es- 

 tuarine invertebrates, Cape Hatteras to the Bay of 

 Fundy. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., N.Y., 693 

 p. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, DUML. Although its il- 

 lustrations could be better and many southern 

 species are not included, it should be useful for non- 

 specialists. The extensive keys are particularly 

 valuable for determining higher level taxa.) 



HULINGS, N. C. (editor). 



1971. Proceedings of the First International 

 Conference on Meiofauna. Smithson. Contrib. 

 Zool. 76, 205 p. (UNC-ZOOL, NMFS. Contains 

 much systematic and ecological information con- 

 cerning animals which live among sand grains. 

 Some individual papers are listed elsewhere in 

 this bibliography.) 



HULINGS, N. C, and J. S. GRAY. 



1971. A manual for the study of meio- 

 fauna. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 78, 84 

 p. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, NMFS. Techniques for 

 collection and preservation with some references 

 to systematic papers.) 



KIRBY-SMITH, W. W., and I. E. GRAY. 



1971. A checklist of common marine animals of 

 Beaufort, North Carolina. Duke Univ. Mar. 

 Lab., Mimeogr., 33 p. (DUML. Common in- 

 vertebrates listed by habitat.) 



McERLEAN, A. J., C. KERBY, and M. L. WASS 

 (editors). 



1972. Biota of the Chesapeake Bay. Chesapeake 

 Sci. 13 Suppl.:Sl-Sl97, (ALL except IMS and 

 UNC-MAIN. Summaries of the taxonomic and 

 ecological knowledge of groups found in 

 Chesapeake Bay with discussion of biological 

 criteria for assessing environmental change. 

 Neither species descriptions nor keys are in- 

 cluded, but these can be found in some of the 

 references cited. Some individual papers are listed 

 elsewhere in this bibliography.) 



MINER, R. W. 



1950. Field book of seashore life. G. P. Putnam's 

 Sons, N.Y., 888 p. (IMS, UNC-ZOOL, DUML. 



Coverage extends only to Cape Hatteras and in- 

 cludes only common species. Some systematic 

 nomenclature is out of date. No keys are provided. 

 In spite of these shortcomings, the wide scope and 

 good drawings make it useful for inexperienced 

 students.) 



PRATT, H. S. 



1935. A manual of the common invertebrate 

 animals (exclusive of insects). McGraw-Hill 

 Book Co., Inc., N.Y., 854 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Short 

 descriptions of taxa from phylum to species, and 

 keys to taxa from class to family or genus. 

 Emphasis is on species from eastern United 

 States. Some nomenclature is out of date.) 



SMITH, R. I. (editor). 



1964. Keys to marine invertebrates of the Woods 

 Hole Region. Syst.-Ecol. Prog., Mar. Biol. Lab., 

 Woods Hole, Mass., 208 p. (UNC-ZOOL, IMS. 

 Does not include many southern species, but is 

 useful for higher level taxa. Quality of chapters 

 variable.) 



WASS, M. L. (editor). 



1972. A check-list of the biota of lower Chesapeake 

 Bay with inclusions from the upper bay and the 

 Virginia Sea. Va. Inst. Mar. Sci., Spec. Sci. Rep. 

 65, 290 p. (IMS. Includes a bibliography.) 



The following works are useful for placing an unknown 

 planktonic animal in the proper higher level group 

 (phylum, class, order). References in the phylum listings 

 are usually necessary for identification to lower levels. 



DAVIS, C. C. 



1955. The marine and fresh-water 

 plankton. Michigan State Univ. Press, East 

 Lansing, 562 p. (UNC-ZOOL, DUKE-BIOL, 

 DUML. Contains keys to phyla and some lower 

 taxa, and illustrations of representatives of many 

 groups.) 



JOHNSTONE, J., A. SCOTT, and H. C. CHADWICK. 

 1924. The marine plankton. University Press, 

 Liverpool, 194 p. (DUKE-BIOL. Of some value 

 although most species are British.) 



NEWELL, G. E., and R. C. NEWELL. 



196 3. Marine plankton: a practical 

 guide. Hutchinson Educational Ltd., Lond., 207 

 p. (UNC-ZOOL. Short descriptions and illustra- 

 tions, but no keys, of British species. Useful for 

 determining higher level taxa.) 



VANNUCCI, M. 



1959. Catalogue of marine larvae. No. 1. Foreward, 

 the concept of larva, the fundamental types of lar- 

 vae. Inst. Oceanogr., Univ. Sao Paulo, Sao 

 Paulo, Brazil, 44 p. (The first number in a series 

 that is intended eventually to provide descriptions 

 and illustrations of all species of marine larvae. 

 This general introduction has descriptions and il- 

 lustrations of the major kinds of larvae.) 



WICKSTEAD, J. H. 



1965. An introduction to the study of tropical 



