to impose limits so that for a second pass of 

 the data through the computer , programs can be 

 written to reject erroneous data. 



A more sophisticated use of computers to 

 summarize oceanographic and meteorological 

 data was suggested by Frye (1968), who report- 

 ed a regression analysis of sea-surface-tem- 

 perature patterns for the North Pacific Ocean. 

 For limited areas of the ocean, such as the 

 trade wind region, it may in the future be pos- 

 sible to develop suitable models so that the dis- 

 tribution of properties can be expressed as 

 functions of latitude, longitude, and time. 



In the previous section the effect of short- 

 comings in the distribution and quality of data 

 on the heat exchange values was illustrated. A 

 most difficult distribution to estimate from iso- 

 lated ships' observations is the cloudiness. 

 This property affects the most important term 

 in the heat budget, the radiation from sun and 

 sky. In this area of uncertainty greatest im- 

 provement may come from satellite observa- 

 tions of the cloud cover. It may also be possi- 

 ble to compute the effective back radiation from 

 direct satellite measurements. 



The mainstay of data for the computations of 

 large-scale, sea-air interactions will, neverthe- 

 less, remain the synoptic observations made by 

 ships at sea. It was shown that the inability to 

 compute the heat of evaporation daily may lead 

 to relatively large underestimates of this im- 

 portant process. In a large portion of the trade 

 wind zone, observations are sufficiently frequent 

 to permit daily computation of the heat of evap- 

 oration. In critical areas of the low latitudes, 

 however (see table A), the sampling frequency 

 should be increased; this may be accomplished 

 by an effort to enlist in the synoptic weather 

 observations program the cooperation of all 

 ships which travel through these areas. 



Since ships' observations will continue to pro- 

 vide the largest number of data for the compu- 

 tation of sea-air interaction processes, an ef- 

 fort should be made to improve the quality of 

 data. Most important are the sea surface tem- 

 perature, psychrometric, and wind measure- 

 ments. These observations can be materially 

 improved by the calibration of instruments, 

 particularly those for the measurement of the 

 sea surface temperature. The observations can 

 also be improved by proper location of instru- 

 ments and by instruction of observers in proper 

 techniques of measurement. 



ACKNOWLEDGMENT 



Colin S. Ramage, University of Hawaii, made 

 suggestions during the preparation of this paper 

 and Colin S. Ramage and Saul Price, Environ- 

 mental Science Services Administration, re- 

 viewed the manuscript. 



LITERATURE CITED 



BOLSENGA, S. J. 



1964. Daily sums of global radiation for cloud- 

 less skies. U.S. Army Mater. Command, 

 Cold Regions Res. and Eng. Lab., Han- 

 over, N. H., Res. Rep. 160, iv + 124 pp. 

 CHARNELL, ROBERT L. 



1967. Long-wave radiation near the Hawaiian 

 Islands. J. Geophys. Res. 72: 489-495. 

 CHARNELL, ROBERT L., DAVID W. K. AU, and 

 GUNTER R. SECKEL. 



1967a. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography 

 Pilot Study. Part I: Townsend Cromwell 

 cruises 1, 2, and 3, February to April 

 1964. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. 

 Rep. Fish. 552, v + 75 pp. 



1967b. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography 

 Pilot Study. Part II: Townsend Cromwell 

 cruises 4, 5, and 6, May to July 1964. 

 U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. 

 Fish. 553, v + 78 pp. 



1967c. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography 

 Pilot Study. Part III: Townsend Cromwell 

 cruises 8, 9, and 10, September to No- 

 vember 1964. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., 

 Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 554, v + 78 pp. 



1967d. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography 

 Pilot Study. Part IV: Townsend Cromwell 

 cruises 11, 12, and 13, December 1964 to 

 February 1965. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., 

 Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 555, v + 78 pp. 



1967e. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography 

 Pilot Study. Part V: Townsend Cromwell 

 cruises 14 and 15, March and April 1965. 

 U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. 

 Fish. 556, iv + 54 pp. 



1967f. The Trade Wind Zone Oceanography 

 Pilot Study. Part VI: Townsend Cromwell 

 cruises 16, 17, and 21, May and June 1965 

 and January 1966. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv., 

 Spec. Sci. Rep. Fish. 557, iv + 59 pp. 



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