ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 



The author wishes to especially thank the staff of 

 the Pelagic Program at St. Andrews (especially 

 James Beckett) for making the data available and 

 for their assistance in the writing of this paper. I 

 would also like to thank the Royal Ontario Museum 

 and the Canadian Hydrographic Service for the part 

 they played in collecting the data. 



LITERATURE CITED 



ARATA. G.F.. JR. 



1954, A contribution to the life history of the swordfish, 

 Xiphias i^Uuliii.s Linnaeus, from the South Atlantic coast 

 of the United States and the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. 

 Sci. Gulf Caribb, 4:183-243. 

 ARNOLD, EL, JR. 



195.5. Notes on the capture of young sailfish and swordfish 

 in the Gulf of Maine. Copeia 1955:1.50-151. 

 BARTLETT, M.R.. and R.L. HAEDRICH. 



1968. Neuston nets and South Atlantic larval blue marlin 

 (Mcikaira nigricunsl. Copeia 1968:469-474. 



FISH. M.P. 



1926. Swordfish eggs. Bull. N.Y. Zool. Soc. 29:206-207. 

 GORBUNOVA, N.N. 



1969. Breeding grounds and food of the larvae of the sword- 

 fish [Xi/ihias filaJiiis Linne (Pisces, Xiphilidae)]. Probl. 

 Ichthyol. 9:375-387. 



KONDRITSKAYA. S.L 



1970. The larvae of the swordfish [Xiphias fjliiJiiis (L.)] 

 from Mozambique Channel. J. Ichthyol. 10:853-854. 



LA MONTE. F. 



1944. Note on breeding grounds of blue marlin and sword- 

 fish off Cuba. Copeia 1944:258. 



LA MONTE, F., and D.E. MARCY. 



1941. Swordfish, sailfish. marlin, and spearfish. Ichthyol. 

 Contrib. Int. Game Fish Assoc. 1(2): 1-24. 



LEE, RE. 



1942. The occurrence of female sword-fish in southern New 

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PARIN, N.V. 



1967. On diurnal variations in the larval occurrence of some 

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 RICH, W. H. 



1947. The swordfish and the swordfishery of New England. 

 Proc. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist. 4(2); 1-102. 

 RIVERS, J. B. 



1966. Equipment note no. 18 — A nekton ring net sampler for 

 use aboard oceanographic research vessels. Commer. 

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1922. Vova e larve di Xiphias tiUiditis L. Mem. R. Com. 

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tAning, a. V. 



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APPENDIX: 

 SWORDFISH 



DESCRIPTIONS OF 

 (XIPHIAS GLADIUS) 

 LARVAE 



All specimens were fixed in Formalin,^ and then 

 stored in alcohol. Hence, the pigment may have 

 faded or become discolored. 



6.0 mm — The larva is opaque white with scattered 

 chromatophores on the snout, head, and 

 body. The mandible is longer than the 

 upper jaw. The teeth are beginning to 

 develop. There are 7-8 supraorbital 

 spines, and 5 preopercular spines — 3 

 small ones at right angles to the lateral 

 surface of the preopercule, and 2 long. 



^Reference to trade names does not imply endorsement by the 

 National Manne Fisheries Service, NOAA. 



thin ones at right angles to the preoper- 

 cular margin. There is evidence of fin 

 rays in the fin folds. The eyeball has a 

 distinct invagination of the lower curva- 

 ture. 



9.5 mm — The body is much more heavily pig- 

 mented. The upper jaw has become 

 slightly longer than the mandible. The 

 teeth are better developed. Some spines 

 have become evident on the snout and 

 head and on the body in two longitudinal 

 rows — one dorsolateral and one ven- 

 trolateral. The fin rays have begun to 

 develop in the caudal fin. The dorsal and 

 anal fin rays are well developed. The 

 eyeball is still invaginated. 



16.5 mm — ^The dorsal pigment shows some evi- 

 dence of vertical barring and some pig- 



259 



