MO'W 



120»W 



120"E 



140«E 



WO'W 



120»W 



Figure 1.— Average annual amount of heat received (+) or lost ( — ) by the north Pacific Ocean across the sea surface in cm'^ day', adapted from 



Wyrtki (1965). 



In Appendix I the mean meteorological properties 

 affecting air-sea interactions are tabulated for each month, 

 September 1951 to March 1971. The properties include the 

 sea-surface temperature, air temperature, difference be- 

 tween air and sea temperatures, vapor pressure of the air, 

 difference between vapor pressure of the air and the satura- 

 tion vapor pressure at the sea-surface temperature, wind 

 speed, square of the wind speed, north-south and 

 east-west components of resultant wind velocity, total 

 cloud amount, and sea-level atmospheric pressure. 



In Appendix II air-sea interaction processes computed 

 from monthly mean meteorological properties under the 

 assumption of neutral stability are tabulated for each 

 month, September 1951 to March 1971. The tabulations 

 include the net heat exchange across the sea surface, 

 radiation from sun and sky, the effective back radiation, 

 the conduction of sensible heat, the heat used evaporation, 

 and the north-south and east-west components of wind 

 stress. 



In Appendix III air-sea interaction processes are again 

 tabulated for each month, April 1955 to March 1971. These 

 calculations include the effects of changes in atmospheric 

 stability and daily mean meteorological properties were 

 used. The tabulations include the net heat exchange across 

 the sea surface, the heat used for evaporation, the 

 conduction of sensible heat, and the north-south and 

 east-west components of wind stress. The manner in which 

 the meteorological data were processed and the air-sea 

 interaction processes calculated is described in the 

 following sections. 



EMPIRICAL FORMULAE 



The net heat exchange across the sea surface, Q(N), is 

 the sum of the radiation from sun and sky, Q(S), the 

 effective back radiation (net long-wave radiation), Q(B), the 

 heat used for evaporation, Q(E), and the conduction of 

 sensible heat, Q(C): 



Q(N) = Q(S) - Q(B) - Q(E) - Q(C) 



(1) 



The manner in which these terms are calculated depends 

 upon the time scale of interest. Here we are interested in 

 large-scale air-sea interactions with time scales of seasons 

 and years. Our unit of time is the month. 



Semiempirical formulae have been derived for the 

 computation of air-sea interaction processes on a monthly 

 scale. A review of these formulae has been g^ven by 

 Laevastu (1960), Malkus (1962), Tabata (1964a), Roll (1965), 

 and others. The formulae used to compute the values 

 presented in this report are listed below. Similar formulae 

 were used by Johnson, Flittner, and Cline (1965), Wyrtki 

 (1966), and Seckel (1970). 



The heat exchange processes are expressed in units of 

 cal cm"^ day"', and the wind stress at the sea surface tq, is 

 given in units of dynes cm"^: 



Q(S) = Q„(1-R) [a (1-0.660 



+ b (1 - 0.716C + 0.00252 a)] (2) 



Q(B) = 1.14 X 10-7 (273.16 + T .)< 



X (0.39- 0.05 ei'^xi.o.eC^) (3) 



