was independent of flow, and the types of be- 

 havior did not differ between plunging and 

 streanning flows (5-percent level). 



SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 



Effects of plunging and streaming flow on 

 performance and behavior of fall-run chinook 

 salmon were studied in a 1-on- 16 slope experi- 

 nriental endless fishway. Average passage times 

 through the fishway and observations of fish 

 nnovements within a typical fishway pool were 

 used to evaluate the two flow conditions. In the 

 plunging flow, the directional flow becomes 

 fully submerged and sweeps the bottom of the 

 pool, whereas in streaming flow a strong 

 directional current is produced along the 

 surface of the pool. 



The tests indicated that fall- run chinook 

 salmon can ascend a pool-and-overfall fish- 

 way without orifices equally well under either 

 plunging or streaming flow. Passage rates 

 through the fishway averaged 1.6 minutes per 

 pool under plunging flow and 1.8 minutes per 

 pool vmder streaming flow. Eleven of the 18 

 test fish ascended slightly faster under the 

 streaming flow than under plunging flow and 

 seven made faster ascents under plunging 

 flow. 



Observations of fish movements within a 

 typical fishway pool revealed that the behavior 

 of fish under both plunging and streaming flow 

 could be classified into three basic categories: 



(A) direct in-line passage through the pool, 



(B) circuitous passage with continuous move- 

 ment, and (C) circuitous passage with rest 

 period. There was no significant difference in 

 the frequency of the three behavior patterns 

 between plunging and streaming flow. Fish 

 always oriented to the flow while resting and 

 were thus positioned in different quadrants of 

 the pool under the two flow conditions. 



LITERATURE CITED 



CLAY, C. H. 



1961. Design of fishways and other fish 

 facilities. Dep. Fish. Can., Ottawa, 

 301 pp. 



COLLINS, GERALD B., JOSEPH R. GAULEY, 

 and CARL H. ELLING. 



1962. Ability of salmonids to ascend high 

 fishways. Trans. Amer, Fish. Soc. 91: 

 1-7. 



COLLINS, GERALD B., CARL H. ELLING, 

 JOSEPH R. GAULEY, and CLARK S. THOMP- 

 SON. 



1963. Effect of fishway slope on perform- 

 ance and biochemistry of salmonids. 

 U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv,, Fish. Bull. 63: 

 221-253. 



ELLING, CARL H., and HOWARD L. RAY- 

 MOND. 

 1959. Fishway capacity experiment, 1956. 

 U.S. Fish. Wildl, Serv., Spec. Sci. Rep. 

 Fish. 299, 26 pp. 

 McKINLEY, W. R., and R. D. WEBB. 



1956. A proposed correction of migratory 

 fish problems at box culverts. Wash. 

 Dep. Fish,, Fish. Res. Pap. 1: 33-45. 

 U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS. 



1958. Annual fish passage report. North 

 Pacific Division, Bonneville, The Dalles 

 and McNary Dams, Columbia River, 

 Oregon and Washington, 1958. U.S. 

 Army Engineers Districts, Portland 

 and Walla Walla, Corps of Engineers, 

 xiii +182 pp. 

 WHITE, CEDRIC MASEY, and PAUL NEMENYI. 

 1942. Report on hydraulic researchonfish- 

 passes. In Report of the Committee 

 on Fish-Passes, pp. 32-59. Inst. Res. 

 Comm., Inst. Civil Eng., London. 



MS. #1931 



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