COOMANS, H. E. 



1958. A survey of the littoral Gastropoda of the 

 Netherlands Antilles and other Caribbean islands. Stud. 

 Fauna Curasao Other Caribb. Isl. 8(31):42-111. 



List of gastropods collected in the Caribbean Sea by P. 

 W. Hummelinck, with station localities. Strombids 

 included are: S. gigas, S. costatiis, S. gallus, S. pugilis 

 pugilis, and S. raninus. 



1973. Pearl formation in gastropod shells. 

 Mus. Praze 29B(l-2):55-64. 



Sb. Nar. 



Detciiled survey of pearl formation in mollusks, including 

 S. gigas. Conch pearls are aragonitic and have at times 

 commanded high prices, although their pink color 

 usually fades with time and they are not highly regarded 

 today. Experiments on cultivation of conch pearls have 

 been attempted. 



General description of the fisheries of the U.S. Virgin 

 Islands. Landings, commercial use, local consumption, 

 use as bait, value, and imports of S. gigas covered. 



D ASARO, C. N. 



1965. Organogenesis, development, and metamorphosis in 

 the queen conch, Strombus gigas, with notes on breeding 

 habits. BuU. Mar. Sci. 15:359^16. 



Literature describing spawning and larval development 

 in the genus Strombus briefly reviewed. Spawning, egg 

 masses, and laboratory rearing of S. gigas veligers de- 

 scribed. Veliger development presented in detail, with 

 illustrations and histological sections of various larval 

 stages. Planktotrophic development described for 

 veligers 1 to 40 days old, and the swim-crawl stage 

 described for 52 to 60 days. A growth curve for cultured 

 veligers presented and causes of mortality discussed. 

 Food supply is critical to successful culture of the larvae. 



CRAIG, A. K. 



1966. Geography of fishing in British Honduras and adja- 

 cent coastal areas. La. State Univ. Coast. Stud. Inst. 

 Tech. Rep. 28, 143 p. 



Fishing techniques, processing, marketing, and export of 

 S. gigas in BeHze briefly discussed. Habitat, local distri- 

 bution, and use of conch shells as concrete are mention- 

 ed. 



CURREY, J. D., and J. D. TAYLOR. 



1974. The mechanical behaviour of some molluscan hard 

 tissues. J. Zool. Lond. 173:395-406. 



Test results for shell material from several mollusks, 

 including S. gigas and S. costatus. Tensile strength, 

 modulus of elasticity, and modulus of rupture values 

 given, and shell structure and material orientation 

 listed. 



DALL, W. H. 



1889. A preliminary catalogue of the shell-bearing marine 

 mollusks and brachiopods of the southeastern coast of the 

 United States, with illustrations of many of the 

 species. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 37:1-232. 



Ranges of S. gigas, S. pugilis, S. bituberculatus [ = S. 

 raninus], and S. costatus. 



DALL, W. H., and C. T. SIMPSON. 



1900. The MoUusca of Porto Rico. 

 Comm. 20:351-524. 



Bull. U.S. Fish 



Notes on strombids from Puerto Rico, including S. 

 gigas, S. pugilis, S. costatus, S. bituberculatus [ = S. 

 raninus], and S. gallus. Synonymies, shell descriptions, 

 sizes, distributions, and notes on the use of conchs by 

 man included. 



DAMMANN, A. E. 



1969. Study of the fisheries potential of the Virgin 

 Islands. Spec. Rep. Caribb. Res. Inst. 1, p. 1-197. 



1970. Egg capsules of prosobranch mollusks from South 

 Florida and the Bahamas and notes on spawning in the 

 laboratory. Bull. Mar. Sci. 20:414-440. 



Egg masses and capsules of S. gallus described and illus- 

 trated. 



DODGE, H. 



1956. A historical review of the mollusks of Linnaeus. 

 Part 4. The genera Buccinum and Strombus of the class 

 Gastropoda. BuU. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 111:155-312. 



Synonymies presented for S. gallus, S. gigas, and S. 

 pugilis, with extensive discussions of shell forms and var- 

 iations and names applied to them. The species are com- 

 pared to other related strombids including S. alatus, S. 

 costatus, S. gotiath, and S. raninus. Strombus gigas 

 forms discussed include S. g. "horridus", S. g. 

 "canaliculatus" , S. g. "verrilli", and S. "samba". 



DORAN, E., JR. 



1958. The Caicos conch trade. Geogr. Rev. 48:388-401. 



Distribution and use of conchs in the Caicos Islands, 

 with a brief review of S. gigas biology. Historical impor- 

 tance of S. gigas in the Caribbean area reviewed. Vessels 

 and techniques used in hooking conchs, cleaning 

 methods, and drying of conch meat described. Conch 

 trade with Haiti discussed, and values of conch exports 

 given for 1904-1956. Importance of the conch trade to 

 the economies of Haiti and the Caicos Islands empha- 

 sized, and cultural exchange implications discussed. 

 Freezing conch meat and sending shells to Miami are 

 aspects of the trade begun after 1950. 



EPSTEIN, S., and H. A. LOWENSTAM. 



1953. Temperature-shell-growth relations of Recent and 

 interglacial Pleistocene shoal-water biota from 

 Bermuda. J. Geol. 61:424-438. 



Shell deposition in mollusks from Bermuda correlated 

 with temperature using oxygen isotope analysis. Mean 



