Table 11. — Continued. 



(11) 



(12) 



By marketing functions: 

 Retailing 

 Wholesaling 

 Processing 

 Harvesting 



Total 

 By cost items; 

 Profits at 4 levels: Total 



Retailing 



Wholesaling 



Processing 



Harvesting 

 Materials and fuels 

 Labor 



Capital costs 

 Operating expenses 



Total 



100.00 



-Cents- 



100.00 



100.00 



100.00 



' 1963-65 average prices are used here since the retail price series of canned pink salmon was discontinued by Bureau of Labor Statistics in 

 1966. Prices of the same period are used for canned tuna for comparison purpose. 

 - No processing. 

 ' Shucked at sea. 

 Note: This table is compiled in percentage terms from the actual values presented in .Appendix Tables 25 and 38. 



2. Primary Data on Marketing-To make a more 

 accurate study of price margins by functional levels, 

 a field survey of the processing procedures and dis- 

 tributing practices for some of the major fish 

 products in important areas will be necessary for 

 marketing research. 



Over a period of time, marketing services and 

 distribution channels change. As a result, some of 

 the marketing services have improved: some chan- 

 nels are combined and others separated. Difficulties 

 arise when one attempts to delineate clearly where 

 fish harvesting leaves off and marketing begins. 

 Some fishery firms are vertically integrated from 

 fishing, processing to distribution; some wholesalers 

 are engaged in processing or repacking, or part of 

 each. Commissions and transportation costs are as- 

 sumed either by processors or wholesalers depend- 

 ing on the kind of agreement entered into or the 

 practices in a certain area. Furthermore, no data 

 regarding byproducts from fish processing are avail- 

 able. If they are utilized their value should be in- 

 cluded. 



3. Detailed Marketing Cost Studies-Trans- 

 portation costs in the distribution system of fish 

 products are not available and therefore not shown 

 separately in this study. The evaluation of the ser- 

 vices done by this sector of the economy to the fish- 

 ery is not presented in the study. Transportation 

 costs have to be compiled, transaction by trans- 

 action, from the truck and railroad companies" ship- 

 ping consignment copies collected from various 

 states by the Interstate Commerce Commission. 

 The Marketing Development Research Division of 

 the U.S. Department of Agriculture has a special 

 section which concentrates on food transportation 

 studies. 



Costs at the production and distribution levels of 

 the fishing industry are not presented in detail nor 

 are they weighted according to the importance of 

 each. To embark on a more accurate analysis, spe- 

 cial arrangements should be made with the Bureau of 

 Census and the Internal Revenue Service to use 

 their primary printouts and work sheets to look into 

 detailed breakdowns of costs items. 



22 



