flow. These values increased as the flow re- 

 ceded to summer levels, decreased again 

 during fall rains, but became high again when 

 flows were low in winter. Chlorides were lower 

 during the spring runoff, but were nearly- 

 constant the remainder of the year. Chlorides 

 were higher in 1964 and 1965 than in 1963. 

 Nitrite was seldom present in the early period 

 of the study but was found in many samples in 

 the later period. Concentrations of tanninlike 

 and ligninlike compounds were highest when 

 flows increased, especially during the spring 

 runoff, but dropped as the flow receded; con- 

 centrations were low in the winter. The pH 

 values were low during the spring runoff and 

 rose slowly in the summer to a level that was 

 maintained until spring. The pH values dropped 

 when the flow increased. Phenolphthalein alka- 

 linity was zero for all samples. Ranges for 

 values of selected measurements were: mag- 

 nesium, 2.9 to 5.8 p.p.nn.; calcium, 9 to 23 

 p.p.m.; pH, 7.2 to 8.0; total alkalinity, 22 to 

 74 p.p.m.; total hardness, 34 to 80 p.p.m.; and 

 conductivity, 66 to 153 micromhos. Water 

 temperature varied from 0° to ISO C. (320 to 

 640 F.). 



Big Creek had a flow of 1.1 m.3/sec. (40 

 c.f.s.) that varied little except for higher flows 

 during the spring runoff. The water was clear, 

 cool, slightly alkaline, and had little or no color 

 or turbidity except during the spring runoff. 



Water quality data were collected from 

 December 1962 through Decennber 1965 at the 

 U.S. 41 bridge (table 2). Concentrations of 

 magnesium, calcium, total alkalinity, and total 

 hardness, and conductivity readings were lower 

 during the spring runoff and remained nearly 

 constant the rest of the year. Chlorides re- 

 mained low throughout the year. Nitrite and 

 phenolphthalein alkalinity were not detected. 

 Concentrations of tanninlike and ligninlike 

 compounds were highest in the spring and were 

 low or zero the rest of the year. The pH 

 values were lower during the spring runoff 

 but changed little during the rest of the year. 

 The ranges for values of selected measure- 

 ments were as follows ("usual ranges" are 

 given for measurements that varied only 

 during the spring runoff): magnesium, 3.4. to 

 6,3 p.p.nn.; calcium, 16 to 26 p.p.m., usually 

 22 to 26 p.p.m.; pH, 7.3 to 8.1;total alkalinity, 

 46 to 80 p.p.m., usually 70 to 80 p.p.m.; total 

 hardness, 58 to 88 p.p.m., usually 78 to 88 

 p.p.m.; and conductivity, 99 to 1 54 nnicromhos, 

 usually 142 to 1 54 micromhos. Water tempera- 

 ture varied from 1° to 12° C. (33° to 530 F.). 



The flow of Cedar Creek was about 0.7 m. 3/ 

 sec. (24 c.f.s.) and varied little except for 

 higher flows during the spring runoff. The 

 water was clear, cool, slightly alkaline, and 

 had little or no color or turbidity except during 

 the spring runoff. 



Water quality data were collected from De- 

 cember 1962 through December 1965 at the U.S. 

 Highway 41 bridge (table 3). Concentrations 



of magnesium, calcium, total alkalinity, and 

 total hardness, and conductivity readings were 

 lower during the spring runoff and were nearly 

 constant the rest of the year. Chlorides re- 

 mained low throughout the year. Nitrite was 

 not detected. Concentrations of tanninlike and 

 ligninlike compounds were highest during the 

 spring runoff and were low or zero the rest 

 of the year. The pH values were lower during 

 the spring runoff and when flows were higher. 

 The pH values changed little during the rest 

 of the year. Phenolphthalein alkalinity was 

 zero for all samples. The ranges for values 

 of selected measurements were (usual ranges 

 are given for measurements that varied only 

 during the spring runoff): magnesium, 3.4 to 

 6.3 p.p.m.; calcium, 16 to 22 p.p.m., usually 

 20 to 22 p.p.m.; pH, 7.4 to 8.1; total alkalinity, 

 48 to 68 p.p.m., usually 64 to 66 p.p.m.; total 

 hardness, 54 to 76 p.p.m., usually 68 to 72 

 p.p.m.; and conductivity, 96 to 135 micromhos, 

 usually 120 to 1 27 micromhos. Water tempera- 

 ture varied from 1° to 12° c. (33° to 53° F.). 



The flow of Cherry Creek was about 0.7 

 m.3/sec. (25 c.f.s.) and varied little except 

 flows were slightly higher during the spring 

 runoff. The water was usually clear, cool, 

 slightly alkaline, and had little or no color. 



Water quality information was collected at 

 the U.S. Highway 41 bridge from December 

 1962 through December 1965 (table 4). Con- 

 centrations of magnesium, calcium, total alka- 

 linity, and total hardness, and conductivity 

 readings were nearly constant throughout the 

 year, but values were slightly lower during 

 the spring runoff. Chlorides remained low 

 throughout the study. Nitrite was not present. 

 Tanninlike and ligninlike compounds were 

 present during the spring runoff and periods 

 of rain. Early in the study, pH remained be- 

 low 8.0 but was usually above 8.0 in the latter 

 half of 1964 and most of 1965. Phenolphthalein 

 alkalinity was not detected. The ranges for 

 values of selected measurements were (usual 

 ranges are given for measurements that varied 

 only during the spring runoff): magnesium, 

 4.9 to 7.8 p.p.m.; calcium, 23 to 26 p.p.m., 

 usually 25 to 26 p.p.m.; pH, 7.6 to 8.3; total 

 alkalinity, 70 to 82 p.p.m., usually 80 to 82 

 p.p.m.; total hardness, 80 to 96 p.p.m., 

 usually 84 to 90 p.p.m.; and conductivity, 

 142 to 156 micromhos, usually 151 to 156 

 micromhos. Water temperature varied irorci 

 \o to 11° C. (33° to 51° F.). 



LITTLE GARLIC RIVER, MARQUETTE 

 COUNTY, MICH. 



The Little Garlic River, a tributary to Lake 

 Superior, was sampled at County Road 550 

 bridge in Marquette County, Mich. The main 

 stream is 10 km. (6 miles) long and has 23 

 km. (14 miles) of small tributaries and a 

 drainage area of about 31 km. 2 (12 sq. miles). 



