The cruises were made by the R/V Townsend 

 Cromwell , commanded by Captain Robert E. K. 

 D. Lee, with officers Jan Liefting and Pete 

 Andrich. The scientific parties were composed 

 of the following: 

 Townsend Cromwell , cruise 16: 

 May 12 to 31, 1965 



Lloyd T. Watarai - HL - Field Party Chief 



Jerome S. W. Marr - HL 



Howard N. Morinaga - HL 



John J. Naughton - HL 



James K. Tarasawa - HL 



Warren King - Smithsonian Institution 

 Townsend Cromwell , cruise 17: 

 June 10 to July 2, 1965 



David W. K. Au - HL - Field Party Chief 



Barbara E. Boldt - HL 



John L. Matthews - HL 



Howard N. Morinaga - HL 



James K. Tarasawa - HL 



Paul Woodward - Smithsonian Institution 

 Townsend Cromwell , cruise 21: 

 January 17 to February 2, 1966 



Gunter R. Seckel - HL - Field Party Chief 



David W. K. Au - HL 



John L. Matthews - HL 



Howard N. Morinaga - HL 



Alan M. Osato - HL 



OBSERVATIONS - 



In addition to the regular Nansen and BT 

 casts shown in figure 1, BT casts were made 

 at 18.5-km. (10-nautical-mile) intervals for 

 studies of variability between stations 2 and 4, 

 17 and 19, and 23 and 25; at oceanographic 

 stations 3, 18, and 24, BT casts were made 

 every 20 minutes for a 12-hour period on 

 cruise 17. Surface temperatures and salinity 

 samples were taken from an inside pump 

 system which has an intake at a depth of 8 feet. 

 A Hytech Model 9006 Salinity-Temperature- 

 Depth Measuring System^'was used to collect 

 additional data at stations south of lat. 14° N. 

 on both cruises and at two additional stations 

 along long. 148° W. on cruise 17. These data 

 are not presented in this report. 



— All data not presented in this report are on 

 file at the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Bio- 

 logical Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii 96812 



2/ 



— Trade names referred to in this publication 



do not imply endorsement of commercial products. 



To supplement the physical oceanographic 

 data presented in this report, additional infor- 

 mation of the following types was obtained. 



Biological 



A l/2-hour surface plankton tow was taken 

 daily at 2000 hours with a 1-m. net. Flyingfish 

 which stranded themselves on deck were col- 

 lected daily. Regular observations of fish 

 schools, sea mammals, and birds were supple- 

 mented by more detailed bird counts by ob- 

 servers from the Smithsonian Institution. 



Meteorological 



Rain measurements as well as standard 

 weather observations were taken four times 

 daily. Radiation from sun and sky was meas- 

 ured and recorded daily with an Eppley pyra- 

 nometer. These observations were supple- 

 mented by daily color photographs of clouds. 

 Surface long wave radiation measurements 

 were taken at night BT stations with the Suomi- 

 Kuhn net radiometer. 



Current 



Eight drift bottles, supplemented by plastic- 

 enclosed drift cards (Barkley, Ito, and Brown, 

 1964) during the first and last days of cruises 

 16 and 17, were released at each BT cast. Two 

 current stations were occupied each cruise; 

 Ekman, Hydro Products, and Roberts current 

 meters were used. Cruise 21 was designed to 

 develop a method of obtaining directly measured 

 currents from a drifting ship which could be 

 correlated with inferred currents and with the 

 water mass structure. To this end, currents 

 to 1,000 m. were measured at stations midway 

 between oceanographic stations. Only the 

 oceanographic station data and BT observations 

 are included in this report. 



PREPARATION OF DATA 



Standard oceanographic procedures were 

 employed in the preparation of the data for this 

 report. Salinity determinations were made on 

 the University of Washington salinity bridge 

 (Paquette, 1958). Duplicate determinations 

 were made with an induction salinometer. When 

 values differed more than 0.02 °/oo, the salinity 

 was redetermined on the U.W. salinity bridge, 

 and the mean of the salinity bridge determina- 



