posteriorly, the middle rays being much shorter than 

 the anterior; snout is fairly long; vent is located very 

 close in front of first anal fin; pectoral fins are fairly 

 broad and long and fold against body; and the tips of 

 pectorals, first dorsal, and first anal fins are pointed. 



Subjective synonymy: 



Histiophorus audax 

 Istiophorus audax 

 Tetrapterus mitsukurii 

 Tetrapturus ectenes 

 Makaira audax 

 Makaira grammatica 

 Makaira holei 

 Makaira mitsukurii 

 Makaira zelandica 

 Marlina mitsukurii 

 Marlina zelandica 

 Kajikia mitsukurii 



Kajikia formosana 



Tetrapturus tenuiro- 



stratus 

 Tetrapturus acutiro- 



stratus 

 Makaira formosana 

 Tetrapturus brevirostris 

 Marlina audax 

 Marlina jauffreti 

 Tetrapturus audax 

 Makaira jauffreti 



Philippi, 1887 



Delfin, 1901 



Jordan and Snyder, 1901 



Jordan and Evermann, 1926 



Jordan and Evermann, 1926 



Jordan and Evermann, 1926 



Jordan and Evermann, 1926 



Jordan and Evermann, 1926 



Jordan and Evermann, 1926 



Grey, 1928 



Whitley, 1937 



Hirasaka and Nakamura, 



1947 

 Hiraska and Nakamura, 



1947 

 Deraniyagala, 1951 



Deraniyagala, 1952 



Matsubara, 1955 



Munro, 1955 



Smith, 1956a, b 



Smith, 1956b 



Rubins and de Sylva, 1960 



Jones and Silas, 1964 



Artificial key to genus (Nakamura et al., 1968): 



A. Anterior fin rays of first dorsal fin fairly high, pos- 

 terior rays about same height; vent situated de- 

 cidedly anterior to origin of the first anal fin; sec- 

 ond anal fin anterior to second dorsal fin. 



B. Pectoral fin narrow and short 



C. Snout very short. . . Shortbill spearfish 

 (Furaikajiki) T. angustirostris Tanaka. 



CC. Snout fairly long 



Mediterranean spearfish 



(Chichukaifurai). T. belone Rafinesque. 



BB. Pectoral fin wide and long 



Longbill spearfish (Kuchinagu- 



furai) T. pfluegeri Robins and de Sylva. 



AA. Height of anterior portion of first dorsal fin 

 about same as the body depth but gradually de- 

 creasing in height posteriorly; vent directly an- 

 terior to the origin of the first anal fin; second 

 dorsal fin and second anal fin in parallel posi- 

 tions. 



D. Pectoral fin wide and its tip rounded. The 

 tip of the first dorsal fin and first anal fin 



rounded White 



marlin (Nishimakajiki) T. albidus Poey. 



DD. Pectoral fin narrow, and its tip pointed; 



the tips of the first dorsal fin and first anal 



fin pointed Striped 



marlin (Makajiki) T. audax (Philippi). 



1.22 Taxonomic status 



The species is established on the basis of 

 morphology without breeding data. 

 The species may be polytypic (see 1.31 below). 



1.23 Subspecies 



No subspecies are recognized. 



1.24 Standard common names and verna- 

 cular names 



1.31 External morphology (for description 

 of spawn, larvae, and adolescents, see 

 3.17, 3.22, 3.23). 



Generalized: Gregory and Conrad (1939) provide a 

 scale diagram of the striped marlin outline based on 

 modal body proportions of 30 specimens from New 

 Zealand and Australia using standard length as the 

 basic body measurement. Thirty-eight measurements 

 were made on each specimen and are published in ab- 

 solute and as percentage of standard length along 

 with total body weight. 



Nakamura et al. (1968) provide the following 

 description: 



External Characters. The first dorsal fin has 37-42 fin rays. The 

 second dorsal fin has 6 soft rays. The first anal fin has 13-18 fin 

 rays. The second anal fin has 5-6 soft rays. The pectoral fin has 

 18-22 soft rays. The ventral fin has one spine and 2 soft rays. The 



133 



