landings. The Indian Ocean landings of striped marlin 

 amount to approximately 20% of the Pacific landings. 



Maximum equilibrium yield: Honma and Suzuki 

 (1969) made some preliminary determinations of the 

 maximum sustainable yield on the basis of 1960-66 

 data. They suggested that striped marlin catches in 

 the Pacific can probably be increased about 60% over 

 the recent average annual landings. 



However, judging by the fact that catches have 

 leveled off in recent years after fishing effort has vir- 

 tually covered all of the known areas of striped marlin 

 distribution, it appears that the present catches may 

 be close to the maximum equilibrium yield level. 



Obviously, further research is needed on this sub- 

 ject. 



6 PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT 



6.1 Regulatory (Legislative) Measures 



6.11 Limitation on reduction of total catch 



The Japanese tuna longline fishery is regulated in 

 terms of fleet size by the vessel licensing system. 

 Licensing is reviewed at 5-yr intervals and fleet size is 

 governed on the basis of the condition of the tuna 

 resources. No increase in fleet size has been permitted 

 since 1963. However, other countries such as Korea 

 and Taiwan have increased the size of their longline 

 fleet. 



7 POND FISH CULTURE 

 Not applicable. 



LITERATURE CITED 



ANONYMOUS. 



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 ARATA, G. F., JR. 



1954. A contribution to the life history of the swordfish, Xi- 

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 BAKER, A. N. 



1966. Food of marlins from New Zealand waters. Copeia 

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 BARRETT, I., and A. A. WILLIAMS. 



1965. Hemoglobin content of the blood of fifteen species of 

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1901. Catalogo de los pesces de Chile. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 

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DERANIYAGALA, P. E. P. 



1951. The Istiophoridae and Xiphiidae of Ceylon. Spolia 

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1952. A colored atlas of some vertebrates from Ceylon. Vol. 



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 DE SYLVA, D. P. 



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 ELDRIDGE, M. B., and P. G. WARES. 



1974. Some biological observations of billfishes taken in the 

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EVANS, D. H., and P. G. WARES. 



1972. Food habits of striped marlin and sailfish off Mexico 

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 FIERSTINE, H. L., and V. WALTERS. 



1968. Studies in locomotion and anatomy of scombroid fishes. 

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1967a. Annual report of effort and catch statistics by area on 

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1968. Annual report of effort and catch statistics by area on 

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1957. Study on the tuna long line fishery in the East China 

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FURUKAWA, I., T. KOTO, and K. KODAMA. 



1958. Study on the tuna long line fishery in the East China 

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GEHRINGER, J. W. 



1956. Observations on the development of the Atlantic sail- 

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 GOSLINE, W. A., and V. E. BROCK. 



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 GREGORY, W. K., and G. M. CONRAD. 



1939. Body-forms of the black marlin (Makaira nigricans 

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156 



