Release Point 



Entrance Fishwoy 



n 



I (Screen 





_^4'U-||'-»iT 



24':: 

 I :: Introdu 



Orifices 

 ctory Pool 



/*• 



Transportation Channels 



' »<XXF ' 



Head Wall 



Nortri 



South |5' 



L^ 



F^3^^^ 



T 



Exit Weirs 



Exit Fishway 



Flow Pool 



Grillwork for 

 Woter Dischorge 



Elev. 59' 



Elev.40- 



PLAN 



Elev. 47'- 



Elev. 60' 



40" 



Overflow Eiev.6l' 



-Elev. 55.75' 

 Elev. 49.75' 



-p^- 104'- 



Screen 



♦-Orifice 



-►l*- 



37'- 



-Elev. 46' 



ELEVATION 



Figure 1. — Plan and elevation views of laboratory, showing release point, location of orifices, and exit weirs where fish 

 passage was recorded. Sectional view shows water elevations and centerline of orifices. 



volition. Responses of adult salmonids to the 

 various orifice locations were determined by 

 counting the fish as they left individual trans- 

 portation channels upstream from the orifices. 



Laboratory 



Collins and EUing described the laboratory 

 in detail (Collins and EUing, I960). A water 

 supply and discharge system capable of de- 

 livering and discharging up to 200 cubic feet 

 per second (c.f.s.) provided water for the 

 experimental area. Flows were regulated by 

 various intake valves and a large drain valve. 



A battery of 1,000-watt mercury- vapor 

 lights spaced at 6-foot intervals, 6 feet above 

 the water, produced an average light intensity 

 of 700 foot-candles at the water surface. This 

 light was similar to natural light measured in 

 the main Bonneville fishway during a bright 

 cloudy day. 



Orifices .- -Orifices used in this study were 

 2- by 5-foot rectangular ports installed at the 

 junction of the introductory pool and the two 

 transportation channels (fig. 2), The orifice 

 panels fitted into guides and could be re- 

 moved (fig. 3), turned 90°, and replaced to 

 change the orifice setting from vertical to 

 horizontal (fig. 4) or vice versa. Solid panels 

 filled the space above and below the orifice 

 panels. 



The centerline of the orifice was 9 feet 

 below the water surface (elevation 49.75)^ at 

 the deep position and 3 feet below the water 

 surface (elevation 55.75) at the shallow posi- 

 tion (fig. 5). Water depth in the area imme- 

 diately downstream from the orifices was 

 19 feet. 



Hydraulic s .- - R egulated water elevations 

 (fig. 1) provided constant hydraulic condi- 

 tions during the tests. Water levels in the 

 transportation channels were maintained 1 

 foot higher than the level of the introductory 

 pool, providing a 1-foot head on the orifices. 

 This head produced a calculated flow of 49 

 c.f.s. and an average velocity of about 8 feet 

 per second through each orifice. Flows equal 

 to the orifice discharge were introduced at 

 the head of each transportation channel; about 

 16.5 c.f.s. passed over the exist weir at the 

 head of the channel, and the remaining flow 

 entered through a submerged, screened port 

 at the base of the exit weir. 



Flows from shallow orifices caused a tur- 

 bulence on the surface of the introductory 

 pool (fig. 6A), whereas flows from deep 

 orifices caused little or no surface turbu- 

 lence (fig. 6B). 



^ All elevations are designated as feet above mean sea 

 level. 



