consecutive years revert to the state. However, in instances where mili- 

 tary exigencies or a state of war have caused utilization to be discon- 

 tinued the concession is retained by the concessionaire. The use of 

 explosives, chemicals and other means of fishing which would destroy fish 

 or fish spawn or would have a detrimental effect on the health of consumers 

 is prohibited. The damming of rivers or streams and the changing of direc- 

 tion of same is prohibited by law. 



Trawl fishing is prohibited in the Bosphorus and the Sea of 

 Marmara. 



Some Observations on Turkish Fishing and Suggestions for 

 Developing the Turkish Fishing Industry 



As will be understood from the foregoing, fishing in Turkey has 

 not as yet reached a level where the term fishing industry can be employed. 

 Turkish fishermen continue employing antiquated methods with regard to 

 fishing, while the very limited and inadequate conservation and canning 

 facilities constitute a constant handicap to the development of this 

 industry. With the exception of the use of motor boats for towing fish- 

 ing boats manned by rowers with the purpose of hauling or catching up 

 with fish, and the transportation of fish caught to the wholesale fish 

 markets, no fishing vessels equipped with modern facilities are employed. 

 It should be observed that the use of motor boats does not imply that 

 fishermen operate at great distances from their point of departure. Trips 

 of any duration are impossible inasmuch as the boats employed are such as 

 not to allow fishermen to remain away from the shore for long periods of 

 time or overnight. Consequently, fishermen in every given region find 

 themselves obliged to await the passage of fish from the vicinity within 

 which they are able to operate with their limited facilities and equipment. 

 By employing modern fishing vessels and equipment, it would be possible 

 to go out and meet the fish and to have much longer fishing seasons for 

 each species of migratory fish. 



With regard to satisfactory fishing traps, the 

 relatively large type, 110 fathoms long by 30 fathoms wide constitute 

 barely 10 percent of the total in existence and the balance is of about 

 half this size. These small size fish traps are considered to be most 

 unsatisfactory by the few experienced fishing people in Turkey. The 

 extremely conservative attitude of the bulk of fishermen has constituted 

 the main handicap to the adoption of the larger type fish trap. It should, 

 however, be pointed out that the problem regarding the development of a 

 fishing industry can not be resolved by increasing the catch only. As a 

 matter of fact there have often been years or seasons when fish was so 

 abundant that even with the available primitive means of fishing very 

 large quantities of fish have been caught and have then had to be destroyed 

 after fishermen had despaired of selling them. To avoid having to resort 

 to destroying fish as often happens, at times when the flow of fish 

 persists for long periods of time, fishermen decided to fish only every 

 other day. 



The only measures taken up to the present time with regard to 

 developing a fishing industry have been the reduction of sales tax on fish, 



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