which up to 1926 amounted to as much as 24 percent to 12 percent and the 

 establishment in 1930 of an Institute of Ichthyology in the Istanbul area 

 by the government. This last measure, however, was not much of a success. 

 Specialists from Germany, Great Britain, and Estonia, who were brought to 

 Turkey in this connection studied currents and carried on certain icthyo- 

 logical experiments; however, the results obtained by the Institute not 

 having justified the expenses incurred, the Institute was closed in 1937 

 and no activity along this line has since taken place. 



Certain indications of activity with regard to developing the 

 Turkish fish industry are now becoming apparent on the part of private 

 industry through the Fishermen's Association. This organization is 

 basically a sort of union which has as its purpose to safeguard the 

 interests of fishing and fishermen and to make known to the authorities 

 the views and problems of fishermen and the fishing industry. The associa- 

 tion is also accumulating a fund by collecting 1 percent of the counter 

 value of sales of fish at the fish exchange. The purpose of this fund is 

 to serve in assisting fishermen in cases of loans or poverty. 



The Association at the same time serves as arbitrator in case 

 of differences between fishermen. Recently the Association decided to 

 send four of its members to Italy and the United States so that they could 

 observe fishing methods and modern facilities employed in those countries* 

 The Ministry of Commerce, however, having informed the Association that 

 a specialist from the United States was to come to Turkey shortly, it was 

 decided to await his arrival. 



It is estimated that the yield from fishing would be increased 

 tenfold by the adoption of the following measures: 



(1) The adoption of modern fishing methods. Motor powered fishing 

 vessels suited to the catching of various kinds of fish must be made 

 available to fishermen. 



Modern facilities should be adopted to eliminate use of manpower 

 in hauling nets, loading and unloading fish, etc. Satisfactory fishing 

 vessels should be enlarged and modernized and be installed at much greater 

 distances from the shore than they are at present at places where it is 

 known that fish will pass at given periods. Thus fishermen would cease 

 being reduced to relying on catching only a small portion of migrating fish 

 which may pass close to the shore. 



(2) Ensuring fish caught will reach consumers or exporters in a 

 satisfactory state of preservation. For this purpose it would be neces- 

 sary that fishermen acquire vessels with refrigerated storage space which 

 will enable them to transport the fish caught to places of consumption, 

 processing or export in good condition. 



(3) Freezing of fish. Modern refrigeration and freezing facilities 

 are essential. Existing facilities of this type are limited and oompletely 

 insufficient with regard to meeting requirements even at the present rate 

 of fishing. The same applies to canning installations. 



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