Warren King - Smithsonian Institution 

 Townsend Cromwell , cruise 12: 

 January 5 to 24, 1965 



Robert L. Charnell - HL - Field Party Chief 



Henry M. Kishinami - HL 



Robert M. Moncrief - HL 



Frank A. Moriguchi - HL 



Alan M. Osato - HL 



Patrick Gould - Smithsonian Institution 



Warren King - Smithsonian Institution 

 Townsend Cromwell , cruise 13: 

 February 2 to 4 and 8 to 27, 1965 



David W. K. Au - HL - Field Party Chief 



Jerome S. W. Marr - HL 



Howard N. Morinaga - HL 



Alan M. Osato - HL 



Charles J. Rollet - HL 



Roger B. Clapp - Smithsonian Institution 



Warren King - Smithsonian Institution 



OBSERVATIONS -' 



In addition to the regular Nansen and BT 

 casts shown in figure 1, BT casts were made 

 at 18.5-km. (10-nautical-mile) intervals for 

 studies of variability between stations 2 and 4, 

 17 and 19, and 23 and 25. Further bathythermo- 

 grams were obtained during cruise 12 in con- 

 junction with tests of the XBT (Sippican expend- 

 able bathythermograph)-', carried out by Oscar 

 E. Sette (BCF Biological Laboratory, Stanford, 

 Calif. 94305). 



Beginning with cruise 12, surface tempera- 

 tures and salinity samples were taken from an 

 inside pump system which has an intake at a 

 depth of 8 feet. 



A Hytech Model 9006 Salinity-Temperature- 

 Depth Measuring System was tested and used 

 during cruise 13 to collect additional data at 

 stations 7A, 25, and 42. 



To supplement the physical oceanographic 

 data presented in this report, additional infor- 

 mation of the following types was obtained. 



Biological 



A 1/2-hour surface plankton tow was taken 

 daily at 2000 hours with a 1-m. net. Flyingfish 



All data not presented in this report are on 

 file at the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Bio- 

 logical Laboratory, Honolulu, Hawaii 96812 



2/ 



— Trade names referred to in this publication 



do not imply endorsement of commercial products. 



which stranded themselves on deck were col- 

 lected daily. Squid were caught and preserved 

 during cruises 11 and 12. Regular observations 

 of fish schools, sea mammals, and birds were 

 supplemented by more detailed bird counts by 

 observers from the Smithsonian Institution. 



Meteorological 



Rain measurements as well as standard 

 weather observations were taken four times 

 daily. Radiation from sun and sky was meas- 

 ured and recorded daily with an Eppley pyra- 

 nometer. These observations were supple- 

 mented by daily color photographs of clouds. 



Current 



Drift bottles or plastic-enclosed drift cards, 

 described by Barkley, Ito, and Brown (1964), 

 were released at each BT cast. The drift cards 

 were released in groups of 10 at each cast dur- 

 ing cruise 11. The drift bottles were released 

 in groups of eight at each cast during cruises 

 12 and 13. 



Current-measuring techniques were tested 

 on cruises 11 and 12 by use of a Roberts cur- 

 rent meter. On cruise 13 measurements were 

 obtained from the Roberts current meter in the 

 surface layers and an Ekman current meter at 

 1,200 m. 



PREPARATION OF DATA 



Standard oceanographic procedures were 

 employed in the preparation of the data for this 

 report. Salinity determinations were made on 

 the University of Washington salinity bridge 

 (Paquette, 1958). Duplicate determinations 

 were made with an induction salinometer. When 

 values differed more than 0.02 °/6o, the salinity 

 was redetermined on the U.W. salinity bridge, 

 and the mean of the salinity bridge determina- 

 tions was reported. Oxygen concentrations 

 were determined by the modified Winkler 

 method (Thompson and Robinson, 1939). Inor- 

 ganic PO4-P was determined by the procedure 

 of Robinson and Thompson (1948) as modified 

 at the University of Washington. All thermom- 

 eters had been calibrated at HL since April 

 1962. The reported temperatures are esti- 

 mated to be accurate to +0.02° C. Application 

 of corrections to protected and unprotected 

 thermometer readings and computations of 

 thermometric depths and L-Z values were per- 



