Monthly sea surface temperature deviations 

 for February 1964, from the long-term mean 

 charts given in H.O. 225, World Atlas of Sea 

 Surface Temperatures, 2d ed. , 1944, appear 

 in figure 8. The exact base period used for con- 

 struction of the mean charts is not known. 2 



The deviation of sea surface temperature, 

 February 1964, from the corresponding month 

 of the previous year is given in figure 9. 



Whereas three of the charts (figs. 7-9) 

 encompass the temperate north Pacific Ocean 

 east of the 180th meridian, the remainder 

 (figs. 10-12) give data for the eastern tropical 

 Pacific Ocean. The first (fig. 10) of these 

 gives actual average temperatures by 1 -degree 

 quadrangles; underscored values represent 

 averages from two or more observations. 

 The next chart (fig. 11) gives the deviation 

 from the previous year by 1 -degree quad- 

 rangles, and the last (fig. 12) shows the 

 deviation by 2-degree blocks from the 12-year 

 (1947-58) mean prepared by Renner (1963). 

 When the 10-year (1950-59) mean is completed 

 by the BCF Biological Laboratory at Stanford, 

 this chart, too, will be based on the same 

 period. Because of the scarcity of observations 

 from the tropical regions, actual values are 

 presented instead of contoured values. 



From April through October, as a supple- 

 ment to the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries 

 California Fishery Market News Monthly Sum- 

 mary , Part II - Fishing Information, a series 

 of charts covering 15-day intervals is pre- 

 pared and distributed to albacore fishermen 

 and to others interested in receiving it (fig. 13). 

 This chart covers the region from the coast 

 of North America to long. 136°30' W.andfrom 

 lat. 25° N. to 52° N. It is designed to span the 

 area and season when the commercial albacore 

 fishery takes place off the Pacific coast. 



Meteorological Charts 



Charts are prepared each month from the 

 readout for averages of cloud cover (figs. 14 

 and 15), wind speed (figs. 16 and 17), air 

 temperature (figs. 18 and 19), dew point 

 temperature (figs. 20 and 21), sea temperature 

 (figs. 22 and 23), and barometric pressure 

 (figs. 24 and 25). Values are summarized by 

 5-degree quadrangles of latitude and longitude. 



2 The Introduction of H.O. 225 states as follows: "This 

 world atlas of sea surface temperatures was prepared by 

 the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, Cali- 

 fornia, from all sea surface temperature information 

 collected by the U.S. Hydrographic Office, together with 

 all available data from other sources, with special 

 reference to regions of few observations. It is believed 

 that this compilation represents the most accurate pattern 

 of sea surface temperatures of the world yet prepared." 

 The staff of the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries Biological 

 Laboratory, Stanford, Calif., is now preparing a 10-year 

 mean for the period 1950-59. When the newmean becomes 

 available, the anomaly chart will be based on it. 



Values are not plotted for 5-degree quad- 

 rangles having fewer than five observations. 

 Two charts of each of the variables at opposite 

 climatological seasons show the magnitude 

 of seasonal changes occurring over the ocean. 

 Charts for August 1963 cover the Pacific 

 only from the American coasts to long. 180° 

 because it was not until January 1964 that data 

 were programmed to cover the entire Pacific 

 Ocean. These data are distributed monthly on 

 a limited mailing list. 



Energy Exchange Computations and Charts 



The marine synoptic weather report contains 

 basic data for computation of the energy ex- 

 change occurring at the air-sea interface. 

 The methods described below represent one 

 of the first attempts to monitor the gross 

 energy flux at the air-sea interface over a 

 broad expanse of the ocean on a monthly basis. 



For a given area and time period, the 

 equation for the energy exchange at the air- 

 sea interface is Q T = Qj - Q R - Q fi - Q £ - Q 



(See page 10 for definitions of elements of this 

 equation.) The gainor loss of heat, added to that 

 resulting from horizontal and vertical advec- 

 tion, represents the total heat energy available 

 to the upper mixed layer of the ocean. Energy 

 exchange calculations presented here do not 

 take into account changes in heat brought 

 about by advection. 



Energy exchange equations have been re- 

 viewed in detail by Sverdrup, Johnson, and 

 Fleming (1942), Jacobs (1951), Roden(1959), 

 Laevastu (I960), and others. Opinion differs 

 considerably as to the accuracy of the various 

 equations describing the total energy exchange 

 at the air-sea interface. It is not the intent 

 here to review the accuracy of the many 

 different equations that have been proposed. 

 Controlled experiments similar to those car- 

 ried out on Lake Hefner by Anderson (1954) and 

 Marciano and Harbeck (1954) are needed to de- 

 termine which of the equations most closely 

 describes what actually takes place in the ocean. 



Qt, incoming solar radiation corrected for 

 cloud cover (in cal./cm. /day), is determined 

 from the following equation proposed by 

 Berliand (1960): 



Q : = (Berliand table) 3 x (1 - aC - bC 2 ) 



where C_ - cloudiness in tenths 



Jb = 0.38 

 and a = a function of latitude as follows: 



Latitude: 







10 15 20 25 



.a 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.37 0.35 



Latitude: 30 35 40 45 50 55 

 a 0.36 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.40 0.41 



See Appendix table B-l for Berliand's table which lists 

 values of incoming solar radiation with a clear sky. 



17 



