summers to eastern central Honshu. High precipitation; 

 mean annual at Tokyo 64 inches. In September and 

 October typhoons bring violent downpours. 



f. Inland Sea area (Plate 4, Region 6) 



(l) Sufficiently land-locked to have hot summers, cool 



winters. Precipitation moderate. Typhoons in September 

 and October. 



g. Western Kyushu (Plate 4, Region 7) 



(l) Summer hot; winter mild. Precipitation high; mean annvial 

 at Shimonoseki 67 inches. 



h. Outer zone of southwestern Japan (Plate 4, Region 8) 



(l) Mildest winters in Japan. Precipitation high. Typhoons 

 most frequent between July and September. 



7. VEGETATION (See Plate 5) 



a. Hatural vegetative cover mainly forests of many different 

 species. Only a small area naturally barren, grasslauid, or marsh. 



b. Three principal forest types (Plate 5) named according to 

 dominant tree groups. 



(1) Northern conifer type: Northern Hokkaido and high 

 mountains elsewhere. Pir, spruce, hemlock, birch, aspen, 

 larch. 



(2) Deciduous hardwood typeJ Northern Honshu, southern 

 Hokkaido, and mountains elsewhere. Beech, oak, maple, 

 ash, chestnut, elm, paulownia, cryptomeria, pine. 



(3) Evergreen hardwoods; Southern Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu. 

 Live oaks, camphor, camel ia, bamboo. 



c. Original vegatation has been changed considerably by cutting, 

 fires, reforest rat ion. 



(1) Present cover includes: 



(a) Cultivated land, settlements, and roads: About 22 

 percent of total area, mainly lowland. Small cryp- 

 tomeria or pine woodlots frequent in cultivated 

 districts . 



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