(2) Agriculture in Japan gardening rather than farming 



(a) Mo8t work done by ha-nd with primitive tools, but 

 these tools well suited to their use 



(b) Production per unit area high but production per 

 man low 



(c) Many fields made to produce two or more crops per 

 year 



1. Practiced widely in central and Bouthwestem 

 Japan 



2. Area under cultivation enlarged one- third by 

 multiple cropping 



c. Land development 



(1) History 



(a) Land reclamation increased the arable land area of 

 Japan seven percent or 896,000 acres from 1910 



to 19r59. The arable land in 1939 was 14,750,000 

 acres. The arable land area decreased three per- 

 cent or 432,000 acres from 1939 to 1944, chiefly 

 owing to military and industrial uses of land. 



(b) Progressively the er-pansion of the arable land area 

 has become more difficult. Land now under culti- 

 vation includes most of the more productive agri- 

 cultural areas of Japan. 



(2) Present reclamation potentials 



(a) An estiiated 3,900.000 acres of additional land 

 could be brought under cultivation by the ex- 

 penditure of cooperatively large amounts of capi- 

 tal, labor, and materials. After being reclaimed, 

 much of this land probably would be marginal. 

 Reclamation of such an area would add 25 percent 

 to the present arable area of Japan. 



(b) Production on large areas of the cultivated land 

 in Jap«n can be increased by grading, irrigation, 

 drainage, and storm and flood protection. 



d. Agricultural production 



(1) Six crops furnish 85 to 90 percent of calories in 

 Japanese diet from indigenous sources: rice, wheat, 

 barley, naked .barley , sweet potatoes, and white potatoes 



(2) Rice dominates agricultural economy. 



25 



