(a) Rice occupies- approximately 53 percent total culti- 

 vated area, and about 42 percent of total crop area. 



(b) About 96 percent of rice grown in irrigated lowlandB 



(c) Rice better adapted than other cereals to long grow- 

 ing season, high summer temperatures, and the heavy- 

 rainfall in Japan. 



(d) Wheat and barley, next in importance, require 

 temperate climatic conditions, i.e., grown in summer 

 months in northern Honshu and Hokkaido, but in 

 winter months in central sind southwestern Japan. 



(e) Sweet potatoes limited largely to area south of lati- 

 tude 38° N. , while white potatoes grown extensively 

 north of 38° N 



(3) Sericulture suited to Japan because of mild winters, 

 humid climate, and abundant supply of cheap labor 



(a) Northern limit approximately latitude 40° N 



(b) Limit determined by winter survival of mulberry 



(4) Tea production extends north to about latitude 37° N. 



(5) Livestock of minor importance in Japan 



(a) Production livestock products requires four to six 

 acres to produce as many calories as can be obtained 

 from one acre of cereals. 



(b) Japanese depend on fish and plant sources for most 

 of their proteins. 



Research 



(1) 424 institutions have primary function of agricultural 

 research. 



(a) Research conducted by imperial auid pref°ctural ex- 

 periment stations, imperial vmiversities , prefec- 

 tural agricultural colleges, private institutions, 

 and corporations. 



(b) Experiment stations are small and highly specialized. 



(2) Application of results of research has caused significant 

 increases in agricultural production. 



(a) Yield of silk per hectare increased 400 percent 

 from 1890 to 1940. 



(b) Yields per unit area of rice, wheat, common bardey, 

 and naked barley increased about 70, 140, 119 and 

 62 percent, respectively, from the 1878-82 period 

 to the 1938-42 period. 



26 



