particularly critical in view of the large quantities 

 required for fertilizer. 



c. Adequate resources (See Plate 13) 



(1) Copper: Production has exceeded 70,000 metric ton* of 

 refined copper per annum from 1935 to 1944, inclusive. 

 Eighty percent of production from mines in Honshu. 



(2) Zinc: Production of refined zinc has exceeded 22,000 

 tons each year since 1935. Ninety percent of productior 

 from Honshu. 



(3) Gold: Recent production of gold has been about 3.8 

 tons per year. The production has come from many widely 

 scattered mines. 



(4) Silver: Production has exceeded 200, .000 kg since J.935. 

 Japan was seventh in world production. 



(5) Arsenic: Since 1935 production has exceeded 2,000 tons 

 per year which is approximately enough for insecticides 

 and other normal needs. 



(6) Chromite: Since 1935 production has exceeded 33,000 

 metric tons annually. Nearly all production has come 

 from southern Hokkaido and southern Honshu. 



d. Resources in excess of needs (See Plate 14) 



(1) Coal: The Japanese coal reserves have been estimated 

 at 16,000,000,000 metric tons, of which 93 percent is 

 bituminouE, 4 percent semi-anthracite, and 3 percent 

 lignite; peak production of 57,000,000 metric tons in 

 1940 was achieved under government subsidy and is not 

 an index of peacetime producing capacity. The princi- 

 pal coal fields are: 



(a) Northern Kyishu fields produce over one-half total 

 output 



(b) Hokkaido fields, chiefly Ishikari 



(c) Honshu fields, chiefly Joban and Yeimaguchi fields 



(2) Sulfur and pyrite: Sulfuric acid production is esti- 

 mated to have reached a maximum of 3,800,000 tons in 

 1943. 



(3) Cement: During the war Japan produced more than 

 4,000,000 metric tons per year. 



40 



