Rivers of importance as breeding grounds are listed below: 



Province Rivers 



Pinar del Rio Galafre, Cuyaguateja 



Habana Mayabeque, Almendares 



Matanzas Caniraar, San Juan, Yumuri 



Las Villas Zaza, Agabama 



Oriente Cauto, Guaso 



Lakes Ariguanabo and San Antonio de los Banos in Habana Province and the 

 Zapata marsh (Cienaga) in Las Villas Province, are likewise prolific breeding 

 grounds of the smaller species. 



EMPLOYMENT 



a. Number of workers * It is estimated that there are 9»000 fishermen 

 permanently employed in Cuba. About 500 of these in Habana are members of the 

 only fishermen's union, the Sindicato Unico de la Industrie de Pesca . Some 

 3,000 additional men fish sporadically, depending on whether remuneration in 

 other industries is better or worse. Also employed directly by the industry 

 are roughly 1,000 men, including sailmakers, carpenters, calkers, etc. In addi- 

 tion, about 6,000 men are indirectly employed in the transportation, sale and 

 packing of fish. The number of fishermen officially registered at each port and 

 related data are shown in Appendix III. 



b. Remuneration received . Commercial fishermen in Habana usually work in 

 crews of 10 or 12. they receive two- thirds of the wholesale value of the catch 

 plus 9*09 percent as vacation pay, distributed as follows: one full-share 

 (there are usually 10 to 12 full-shares depending on size of crew) for the cap- 

 tain and each of the skilled fishermen; one half-share for inexperienced fish- 

 ermen; and one fourth-share for novices. The captain also receives a bonus of 

 10 percent of the outfitter's third. The average annual net income of fishermen 

 in Habana in the last 3 years reportedly has been $1,200, while captains average 

 $3, C00. From their wages, the fishermen contribute 5 percent to a retirement 

 fund and the outfitter contributes a like amount. 



Fishermen in Batabano work in crews of $ to 7 men on one-mast sailboats 

 and 7 to 9 men on two-mast sailboats, including jack-of-all- trades who cooks, 

 etc. The crew receives about 35 percent of the retail price of the catch after 

 paying $1.60 per 100 pounds for ice, transportation, etc., and paying the out- 

 fitter's third. Fishermen in Batabano have earned as much as $900 net per year, 

 but the average net income ranges between $350 and $500. In Caibarien and Sagua, 

 fishermen reportedly receive five-sevenths of the catch but nothing for vacation 

 pay. 



c. Hours and working conditions . On each fishing expedition, Habana 

 fishermen on "viveros" (boats equipped with tank for bringing fish alive) spend 

 from 30 to UO days at sea in summer and 25 to 27 days in winter; and those on 

 "neveros" (ice-laden craft which bring fish packed in ice) from 20 to 25 days 

 both in winter and summer. While at sea, fishermen are at work every day from 

 5:30 A.M. till 6 or 7 P.M., either actually fishing or on the alert for signs of 

 schools of fish. Food is paid for by the entire crew on a pro-rata basis. Fish- 



