o» koku equalling 0.20 metric ton for fresh fish and 0.15 t«n for salted fish. Actually the accurat« con- 

 version of koku to tons varies with each species, but the conversion factors selected are averages for 

 saliBon and trout, the only two important species Involved. Ij/ 



b. Recent data received for northern fisheries are In terms of number of Individual fish 

 caught. In converting these to weight the following conversions were used: 



1 red salmon S 1."^ kilograms 



1 silver and chum saloon = 2.1 klloframs 

 1 salnOD-trout ^/ r O.R kilograms 



1 king saloon =3.7 kilograms 



1 crab (taraba) r 1.8 kilograms 



5. Since some fisheries tarns are not olearly defined nor used as mutually exclusive in Japanese 

 statistical sources. It Is necessary to explain how the maior terns are used In this report. 



a. "Coastal fisheries" refers to fishing from shore or by small boats In the coastal waters 

 of Japan Proper and in inland waters. Products obtained by beach seines, lift nets, set nets, gill nets, 

 and seme drift nets and trawls, as well as those obtained by hook and line, are counted in these figures. 

 Seaweed and shellfish products are also included. f¥lor to the surrender in 19U5« ^ar>an rroier included 

 not only the four main Islands of Hokkaido, Honshu. Kyiishu. and Shlkoku, but also the i^mkyu, Bonln, and 

 Kuril islands. The coastal fisheries statistics of the past, therefore, include production from Islands 

 no longer part of Japan. 



(1) The statistics for the coastal fisheries were obtained from the official publications 

 already noted. The production figures for the coastal fisheries are originally col- 

 lected from fishermen's associations of the nimierous coastal vUlagea, then corn! led 

 by each prefectural government, and later summarised for all Jaisn by the Japanese 

 6ovemment. 



(2) The data presented in this report are not absolutelv comparable for the entire 

 period. From I907-II the production from aquiculture is included, and from l^Ul-iiS 

 and for 19lj6 the production from offshore fisheries Is Includsd, It seaned inadvis- 

 able, because of lack of sufficient information as to the productivity of the com- 

 ponent parts In these years, to attempt to correct the data so that coastal fisheries 

 muld have a uniform oeaning throughout, 



b. "Offshore fisheries" 6/ refers mainly to the fishing in powered boats In offshOM regions. 

 Althouc^ sone offshore fishing takes place Hundreds of mile? from the coast, part of it is in war.ers 

 relatively close to shore, sometimes as close as some of the coastal fishing. No clear distinction can be 

 aide between offshore and coastal fisheries on the basis of distance frco shore or species caught. They 

 differ in that many of the offshore fisheries are carried on by companies. SF>ecial associations, or Indi- 

 viduals rather than throu^ village associations . Production data from each fishing vessel are reported 

 directly to the prefectural governments. The data are then summarised by the Bureau of Fisheries of the 

 Mlnlsiry of Agriculture and Forestry. 



(1) These fisheries include the bontto and tuna operations east, southeast, and south 

 of Japan Froper; most of the l&rge-soale purse seine operations for sardines; and 

 trawling other thirn otter trawling. 



(2) So accurate records are available prior to 1915, and for 19U1-U3 3"^^ I9U6 the pro- 

 duction data for these fisheries are Included In those of the coastal fisheries. 



c. "Aq\ilculture" denotes mo culture in Japan Prooar of carp, eel, oyster, clam, other fish 

 and shellfish, and seaweed. Carp and eel are raised in rice paddles and natural ponds on natural food and 

 also in culture ponds on artificial fond. Shellfish are raised by sowing seeds In definite culture grounds, 

 and seaweed by placing brush or netting for collecting spores in. shallow coastal waters. 



(1; Statistics for atiulculture production were oftained from the official sources but 



converted to comparable weight units. The original data for Individual culture ponas, 

 rice paddies, and natural ponds a^-e compiled by the orefectural governments and later 

 suimarized by the central government 



d. "Overseas fisheries" refers to the operations of Japanese fishermen in Soviet waters, in 

 waters off the Kwantung Peninsula, Korea, Formosa, and .South Sea Islands* ■md small operations in many 



Ij/ These conversion -factors were derived from information concerning the size of salraon and trout caught 



by the Japanese in these waters, supplied by Nlchlro Oyogyo KK, the largest fishing company which 



operated in this region. 

 .5/ Salnon-trout (sometimes translated as trout) i^ a confusing term. It includes Oncorhynehus masou for 



which there is no English equivalent, pink salmon, nnd the young of tiie other species, especially red 



salmon. 

 6/ In many sources available in English these fisheries are Incorrectly called "pelagic fisheries" 



