12j-(2)bo Cougar Craeko— (inspected at various times, 

 svaiuners of 194£ anTT9437~zT3Tmer<,) Enters White River 12 miles 

 above the mouthj or- 1 mile below the impassable White Iliver falls o 

 The stream is 5 miles long, and is 20 ieet wide near the moutho 

 The gradient is fairly staep, and the stream bed is composed 

 mainly of large rvVhbleo No salnion have been found in ito A 

 resident population of native trout has been reported, as well 

 as a run of Dolly Varden ascending from Lake Wenatchee to spawne 



13c Snfciat River o~° (Surveyed at var3,-ous times, 1935-1947; 

 Shuman, Whiteleather, and members of the Grand Coulee fish main- 

 tenance proiacto) Enters the Columbia River 15 miles above 

 Wenatcheaj, Washington, or approximately 483 miles above the moutho 

 The stream is 52 miles long, of which 42 miles were surveyed^ The 

 discharge ranges from less than 100 cof oSo to an occasional spring 

 flood stage of 4,000 cfoSc. During the fall spawning period the 

 discharge is usually 100<=200 CofoSe The gradient is moderate in 

 the lower 28 mile^, with spawning areas and resting pools well 

 distributed throughout this portion of the courseo The section 

 of the river from 12 to 23 miles upstream contains the best 

 spawning areao Here the gradient is 26-40 feet per mile, and 

 there is & sucoession of wide, shallow riffles with ideal spawning 

 conditions o It is estimated that there is more than 200,000 square 

 yards of suitable spawning area in the' lower 28 mileSo 



The former large runs of chinook salmon that entered the Entiat 

 in the early days nad been practically exterminated by the year 1925^ 

 due principally to the construction of small dams and the diversion 

 of watero The former good steelhead trout run also has been greatly 

 dspletedo In the years 1939 and 1940 a portion of the Columbia 

 River runs of adult chinook and steelhead were transferred to the 

 Entiat in corjiection with the Grand Coulee Dam fish, maintenance 

 projeeto In the year 1941 the Entiat hatchery of the Fish and 

 Wildlife Ser^lae was constructed at Packwood Springs, approximately 

 7 miles above the mouthe The combination of artificial propagation 

 and natural spawning is gradually building up the runs of both chinook 

 i.s.'lMon and steelnead trout^ the number of chinook spawners taken at 

 the hatchery having increased from 85 in 1941 to 1,047 in 1947,, The 

 streams also supports a good population of rainbow trouto 



The dams that fonnerly obstruoted the passage of migratory fish 

 have been removed or provided with fishways in recent years o There 

 are at least nineteen Irrigation diversions on the Entiat, of which 

 eighteen have been provided with fish screens, thus greatly increasing 

 the fishery production value of the streamo 



Fish Tail Falls, located about 28 miles above the mouth, is one 

 of a series of"''low" falls and cascades which appears to be a barrier to 

 the upstream passage of fish during low water stages, particularly 

 since no salmon have been observed above this point o The gradient 

 and the amount of large rubble in the stream bed increased above 

 Fish Tail Fails j consequently this upper section is of little possible 

 value to salmon, although a few steelhead trout may ascend at high 

 water stages « 



74 



