disappeared from the river. Various residents have stated that 

 there was also an extensive sport fishery on this river before 

 the dams were built. 



3. The Colville River enters the Columbia at river mile 694, 

 99 miles above Grand Coulee Dam and 3 l/2 miles below the Kettle 

 Falls railroad bridge. It is approximately 40 miles in length. 

 Salmon runs formerly ascended to Meyers Falls, located about 4 

 miles above the river mouth, but the 80 foot lower fall and the 

 26 foot upper fall presented an impassable barrier to fish. 

 Nevertheless a great many salmon formerly spawned in the river 

 below the falls prior to 1878, but were apparently scarce by 

 1890, both here and at Kettle Falls. The Meyers brothers re- 

 ported to Gilbert and Everman in 1894 that they had been "almost 

 unable to buy any salmon for their own table from the Indians for 

 3 years.* 



4* The Kettle River enters the G'olxmbia at 701 miles up and 

 106 miles above Coulee Dam. It is over 160 miles long, and loops 

 over the Canadian boundary twice below its point of orif,in in the 

 lower Monashee Mountains of British Columbia. At approximately 

 25 miles above its mouth it is joined by a stream running out of 

 Christina Lake in Ceinada, and this lake has in the past supported 

 a small oanmercial fishery for landlocked blueback or *kokanee'*, 

 A short distance above the confluence of the stream from Christina 

 Lake there is a falls on which a dam has been built. It is not 

 known whether salmon ever ascended above this falls, but spawning 

 runs were reported in the lov/er river. Smelters are reported to 

 have run slag into this river and killed off many fish at times, 

 but a few persisted until the building of Grand Coulee Dam, 



5» The Fend Oreille River is sometimes known as Clarks Fork , 

 a name now usually applied only to the portion of the river above 

 Pend Oreille Lake. This river enters the Colimbia at river mile 739, 

 144 miles above Coulee Dam. At its confluence it forms the inter- 

 national boundary with Canada. It is over 100 miles from the Lake to 

 the Columbia River, and Clarks Fork above the lake is over 250 miles 

 long. The river originates near the hepd of the Missouri River in 

 Montana. Salmon never have been able to reach the lake, because of 

 a falls about 15 miles belovf the lake. Dr. Livingston Stone believed 

 that approximately 20 miles above the mouth of the river, always blocked 

 fish. Freeman states that this river comes tumbling down a sheer walled 

 gorge in fall after fall, its spectacular last leap during the late October 

 low water period being over a 10-foot ledge extending all the way across 

 its 200-foot width. Runs of salmon were reported to have been heavy in 

 some years, but declined after 1878, as did most of the upper Columbia 

 River runs, although some fish were present until Grand Coulee Dam was 

 built. Gilbert and Everman reported steelhead to be abundant at the 

 mouth of this river in 1894. 



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