CAPACITY TESTS 



This study was made to determine the maxi- 

 mum number of fish that would pass through 

 a pipe of a given size and length in a unit of 

 time. A 27.4-m.-long pipe, 0.6-m. -diameter, 

 and nonillunninated was operated in a flooded 

 condition at a water velocity of 1.4 nn.p.s.; 

 it was installed in the position occupied by 

 the 0.3-m.-dianneter pipe shown in figure 5. 



Two 60-minute tests were made: the first 

 on September 7, 1964, with fish collected for 

 about one -half day, and the second on Sep- 

 tember 8, 1964, with fish collected all day. 

 Peak passage for a 20-minute period averaged 

 15 fish per minute (table 12). Test fish were 

 predominantly fall chinook salmon and steel- 

 head trout; some were coho salmon. 



The two tests did not yield enough data for 

 us to draw dependable conclusions on pipe 

 capacity, but it appears that a 0.6-m. - 

 diameter pipe, 27,4-m.-long, can pass 800 to 

 900 salmon and trout per hour. 



SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 



A study was made on passage of adult salmon 

 and trout through pipes at Bonneville Dam on 

 the Columbia River during the 1963 and 1964 

 migration seasons. The factors tested were 

 water velocity, pipe diameter and length, 

 entrance and exit conditions, illumination, 

 water depth, and carrying capacity. Passage 

 tinnes through the pipes were used to evaluate 

 the performance of chinook, sockeye, and coho 

 salmon and steelhead trout. 



The pipe installations differed during the 

 two seasons. In 1963, two 30.5-m. lengths of 

 straight pipe of 0.3- and 0.9-nn.-diameter were 

 used. In 1964, the pipe systems were of straight 

 27.4-m. lengths of 0.3- and 0.6-m. -diameter, 

 and a 0.6-m. -diameter pipe, 82.3 m. long, with 

 two 180° turns. Water velocities in the pipes 

 for the 2 years ranged from 0.15 to 1.4 m.p.s. 



Results of the Tests 



Fourteen principal facts emerge from the 

 tests: 



1. In the 0.3-m, -diameter pipe, with water 

 velocities of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 m.p.s., chinook 

 and sockeye salmon passed through most 

 rapidly at the 1.2 m.p.s. velocity and steel- 

 head trout at 0.6 m.p.s. 



2. In the 0.6-m, pipe, with water veloc- 

 ities of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 rn. p. s., chinook salmon 

 passed through most rapidly at 0.9 m.p.s., 

 sockeye salmon at 0.3 m.p.s., and steelhead 

 trout at 0.6 m.p.s. 



3. In the 0.9-rn. -diameter pipe, at water 

 velocities of 0.15, 0.3, and 0.6 m.p.s., chinook 

 and sockeye salmon and steelhead trout passed 

 through most rapidly at 0.3 m.p.s. 



4. Chinook and sockeye salmon and steel- 

 head trout passed through a 0.9-rn. -diameter 

 pipe more readily than through a 0.3-m. pipe. 



5. Gradual and abrupt changes in illunni- 

 nation in the introductory and exit pools did not 

 appear to affect fish passage through the 

 0.9-m. -diameter pipe system. 



6. The use of a truncated cone as a 

 transition zone fronn pool to pipe increased 

 the speed of entry of chinook and sockeye 

 salmon and steelhead trout into the 0.3-m.- 

 diameter pipe but had no effect on entry of 

 these fish into the 0.6-m. -diameter pipe. 



7. Steelhead trout and fall chinook, sock- 

 eye, and coho salmon moved through the flooded 

 0.6-m. -diameter pipe more rapidly with illu- 

 mination than without. Summer chinook salmon 

 moved fastest in a nonilluminated pipe. 



8. Fall chinook and coho salmon passed 

 through a partly filled 0.6-m. -diameter pipe 

 faster with illumination than without. 



9. The percentage of fish that completed 

 passage through a flooded 0.6-nn.-dianneter 

 pipe was greater with illumination than without 

 for steelhead trout, but greater without illumi- 

 nation for summer chinook and coho salmon. 

 Fall chinook and sockeye salmon had about the 

 same percentage of terminations irrespective 

 of illumination. 



10. When the 0.6-m. pipe was partly full 

 of water, higher percentages of fall chinook 

 and sockeye salmon completed passage through 

 an illunninated than a nonilluminated pipe. 



11. Passage of fish was delayed by 180° 

 turns in the 0,6-m. pipe. 



1 2. Steelhead trout and fall chinook salmon 

 moved through the 0.6-m. -diameter pipe, 



82.3 m. long, faster when it was partly full 

 of water than when it was full, 



13, Movement of coho salmon and steel- 

 head trout through a 0,6-m, -diameter pipe 



27.4 m, long was faster in a partly filled than 

 in a flooded pipe. Movement of fall chinook 

 salmon was apparently unaffected by the two 

 water levels in the pipe. 



14. It appears that 800 to 900 salmon 

 and trout per hour can pass through a 0.6-m. - 

 diameter pipe, 27.4 m. long. 



Conclusions 



Three conclusions are made: 



1. Salmon and trout will pass through 

 pipes without internal illumination (including 

 pipes with 180° turns and up to 82.3 m. long), 



2. Of the four species tested (chinook, 

 sockeye, and coho salmon and steelhead trout), 

 only steelhead trout appeared to benefit ap- 

 preciably by illumination in pipes. 



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