the hazards of launching and retrieval and in the 

 discomfort suffered by observers. The launch- 

 ing process, although it has been conducted in 

 seas up to 6 feet, would not be safe or practical 

 with present methods in higher seas or under 

 choppy conditions. The raft has a violent and 

 uncomfortable motion which in seas greater than 

 3 feet may distract the observers. The Nenue is 

 as large a raft as the Gilbert can handle; how- 

 ever, a larger and more stable raft providing 

 more working space and comfort would be advan- 

 tageous. Viewing from the chamber could be 

 improved somewhat if the lower six windows 

 were inclined at 45° rather than 35° to permit a 

 better view of the space immediately below the 

 chamber. 



Operations with the Nenue have proved her to 

 be seaworthy and effective for the study of accu- 

 mulations of fishes around a floating object in 

 the open ocean. The fishes nearby could be 

 clearly seen and photographed, and close obser- 

 vations of their reactions toward one another 

 and to the raft were possible. The species pres- 

 ent and some of the major aspects of their behav- 

 ior were reported by Gooding (1964) in a pre- 

 liminary report on the Hawaiian drifts. The 

 photographs of figure 6 demonstrate the close 

 approach of the fishes and the clarity of obser- 

 vation. They are from a series taken from the 

 chamber during the equatorial drifts. 



KIMURA. KINOSUKE. 



1954. Analysis of skipjack (Katsuwonus pelam- 

 is) shoals In the waters of "Tohoku Kaiku" 

 by its association with other animals and 

 objects based on records by fishing boats. 

 Bull. Tohoku Reg. Fish. Res. Lab. 3:1-87. 

 /In Japanese with English summary^ 



KOJIMA, SHUMPEl. 



1956. Studies of dolphin fishing conditions in 

 the western sea of Japan--ll. "Tsuke" 

 rafts and their attraction for the fish. 

 Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. 21(10):1049- 

 1052. /In Japanese with English sum- 

 mary V 



NATADISASTRA, R. S. 



1952. Perusahaan majangdengan kapal motor 

 dekat Djakarta. (Operations with the 

 majang using powered boats near Dja- 

 karta.) Berita dari Djawatan Perikanan 

 Laut. (4) 15 p. 



SOEMARTO. 



1960. Fish behaviour with special reference 

 to pelagic shoaling species: Lajang ( De- 

 capterus spp.). 8th Proc. Indo-Pacific 

 Fish. Counc, Sec. 111:89-93. 



STRASBURG, DONALD W., and HEENY S. H. 

 YUEN. 



1960. Progress in observing tuna underwater 

 at sea. J. Cons. 26(l):80-93. 



LITERATURE CITED 



GALEA, J. A. 



1961. The "kannizzati fishery." Proc. Gen. 

 Fish. Counc. Medit. 6:85-91. 



GOODING, REGINALD M. 



1964. Observations of fish from a floating ob- 

 servation raft at sea. /Abstract J' Proc. 

 Hawaiian Acad. Sci., 39th Ann. Meet., 

 1963-64:27. 



WESTENBERG, J. 



1953. Acoustical aspects of some Indonesian 

 fisheries. J. Cons. 18(3):311-325. 



YABE, H., and T. MORI. 



1950. An observation on the habit of bonito, 

 Katsuwonus vagans , and yellowfin. Neo- 

 thunnus macropterus , school under the 

 drifting timber on the surface of the ocean. 

 Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. 16(2):35-39. 

 /In Japanese with English summary.,/ 



INOUE, MOTOO, RYOHEI AMANO, and YUKI- 



NOBU IWASAKI. 



1963. Studies on environments alluring skip- 

 jack and other tunas - I. On the oceano- 

 graphical condition of Japan adjacent 

 waters and the drifting substances accom- 

 panied by skipjack and other tunas. Rep. 

 Fish. Res. Lab., Tokai Univ. l(l):12-23. 

 /in Japanese with English summary^ 



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