GLOSSARY 



The following terms used in fur seal research and man- 

 agement on the Pribilof Islands have special meanings or 

 are not readily found in standard dictionaries. 



Checkmark A notch, slit, hole, or other mark 

 made on a seal flipper when a tag is ap- 

 plied, to ensure later recognition of an 

 animal that has lost its tag. See marked 

 and lost tag. 



Drive The act of surrounding and moving 

 groups of seals on land from one location 

 to another. 



Escapement Seals that were not killed because 

 they were too old, too large, or were not 

 available. 



Female kill That part of the annual harvest 

 devoted principally to the kill of female 

 seals, usually in August. See male kill. 



Hauling ground An area, usually near a rook- 

 ery, on which nonbreeding seals congre- 

 gate. See rookery. 



Haul Out The act of seals moving from the sea 

 to a rookery or hauling ground onshore. 



Homing tendency The inclination of seals to 

 return to the rookery where they were 

 born. 



Known-age Applied to seals for which age is 

 definitely known because they bear an in- 

 scribed tag or have a certain combination 

 of tag-scar and checkmark. 



Lost-tag Applied to a seal known to have been 

 tagged because it bears a checkmark. 



Lost-tag-to-tag ratio The number of seals 

 that have lost tags as compared with the 

 number retaining tags. 



Male kill That part of the annual harvest de- 

 voted principally to the kill of male seals, 

 usually in late June, in July, and in early 

 August. See female kill. 



Males, adult Class 1 Shoreline - Full-grown 

 males about age 10 and older without 

 females but apparently with established 

 territories at the high tide mark. 

 Class 2 Territorial without females - Full- 

 grown males about age 10 and older with- 

 out females but with established terri- 

 tories on the rookery. 

 Class 3 Territorial with females - Full- 

 grown males about age 10 and older with 

 females and established territories on 

 the rookery. 

 Class 4 Back fringe - Full-grown and partly 

 grown males about age 7 and older, with- 

 out females and without territories, that 



are found along the inland fringe of the 

 rookery. 

 Class 5 Hauling ground - Full-grown and 

 partly grown males about age 7 and older, 

 without females, that are found on tradi- 

 tional hauling grounds. 



Mane Long, silver-colored guard hairs on the 

 shoulders and on back of the neck--a 

 secondary sex characteristic of males. 

 The mane appears on some males at age 

 5, on most at age 6, and on all at age 7 or 

 older. 



Marked Seals that have been tagged or sheared 

 so that they can be identified. Removing 

 a digit from a hind flipper, cutting a V- 

 notch in the leading edge of a front flipper 

 near the tip, or slicing off the tip of a 

 front flipper are also examples of mark- 

 ing. These marks, when applied to seals 

 in conjunction with tags, are considered 

 checkmarks. See checkmark and lost-tag. 



Marked-to-unmarked ratio The number of 

 marked seals compared with the number 

 of unmarked seals. 



Pregnancy rate Percentage of females that 

 were carrying or had borne pups in the 

 year of examination. 



Rookery An area on which breeding seals 

 congregate. 



Round The sequence in which hauling grounds 

 on St. Paul Island are visited to harvest 

 seals. When used, a circuit or round of the 

 hauling grounds is completed in 5 days and 

 the procedure is repeated throughout the 

 kill of males. The mean round of the kill 

 is calculated by multiplying the round 

 number by the number killed in that round 

 and dividing the cumulative product by the 

 cumulative kill. 



Roundup The act of surrounding and collecting 

 seals to be driven for harvesting, tagging, 

 or other purposes. 



Tagged Describes a seal having an inscribed 

 metal tag or tags attached to one or more 

 of its flippers. 



Tag recoveries Includes tags recovered, 

 marked seals recovered, and seals identi- 

 fied from checkmarks as having lost their 

 tags. See checkmark, marked, and lost- 

 tag. 



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